哈佛知識分享: 第三集(合共七集) What is competitive advantage? What is your value chain? 什麼是競爭優勢? 什麼是企業價值鏈?
仲記得我喺哈佛讀行政人員課程嘅時候,教授 Michael Porter 考考我哋, "In business, is strategy more important or excution more important?" 做生意,策略重要啲? 定執行力重要啲? 等陣同你解釋。
上兩集同你講咗你應該點諗「競爭」? 行業的五加一動力點影響你嘅利潤。今集同你分享下企業價值鏈點影響你的競爭優勢? 策略/執行力,邊個重要啲?
全文內容:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk
。。。。。
My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8月/9月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
我唔係靠呢行搵食,免費,我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin
www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com
聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143
。。。。。。。。。
先講何謂「競爭優勢」Competitive Advantage?
Michael Porter 話 "If you have a real competitive advantage, it means that compared with rivals, you operate at a lower cost, command a premium price, or both."
如果你有真正的「競爭優勢」,相比起競爭對手,你就有低啲嘅成本,或高啲嘅售價,或兩個都有。
"Competitive advantage is a relative concept. It's about superior financial performance." by Michael Porter
競爭優勢是相對的。 係代表你財務回報做得好過你同行的競爭對手。
唔單止做得好,而係要賺錢多過人。記住,上集我同你講:
"The real point of competition is not to beat rivals. It's to earn profits."
競爭,最重要唔係打低競爭對手,而係要賺錢!
何謂賺錢? Michael Porter 嘅定義唔係純粹睇個大數。 他話賺100蚊嘅公司,唔係一定叻過賺90蚊嘅公司。 因為話唔定賺100蚊嘅公司,佢就投資咗1000蚊,先賺100蚊。 但賺90蚊嘅公司,投資咗500蚊已賺賺到90蚊。 咁後者又何必再投資多500蚊,去賺嗰剩餘嘅10蚊。 因為呢500蚊可以投資喺第二度可能有更高回報,何必為做而做呢?
因此 Michael Porter 睇嘅賺錢,係 measured by ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) 資本投資回報。 即係話你放咗幾錢入去盤生意,equity and debt combined, 資本又好、借又好, 賺錢回報率有幾多呢?
例如,你開間茶餐廳,你自己放咗100萬入去,問銀行借咗100萬裝修,合共投資200萬。開業後,未扣除銀行利息及稅務 (EBIT - Earnings Before Interest and Tax),每年就賺40萬,咁你嘅 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) 就係40除200,等如20%。
如果你再另外開多一間, 道理上因為經驗多咗啦,總部人手成本一樣,額外投資金額應該就會少咗,開始有 economy of scale (經濟規模效益),當今次只係投資160萬,回報一樣每年40萬。ROIC 就係 25%。
Michael Porter 話, 如果你每開一間,你嘅投資回報 ROIC 會因為 economy of scale (經濟規模效益)而提升,why not! 開多幾十幾百幾千間都得。
但如果你開到某個程度,每開一間,你嘅投資回報 (ROIC) 就下降。 例如依家總投資要成200萬,由於市場開始飽和,每年賺錢只得額外20萬,資本投資回報只得10%。Michael Porter 話咁又何必再開呢? 因為咁樣只會把你整體嘅 ROIC (資本投資回報率)拉低。
做得大,唔代表賺錢。唔好為大而大。有時 Small is beautiful. 細有細嘅美麗。
美國最賺錢嘅航空公司 Southwest Airlines, 睇下呢幅圖, 過去幾十年佢嘅嘢 ROIC (Return on Invested Capital),上面黑色條線,一直保持行內最高, 行內其他航空公司平均係每年回報3.1%, Southwest Airlines 就能夠做到每年回報11.4%,高出同行2.7倍, 肺炎前年年賺錢。
Southwest Airlines 創辦人 Herb Kelleher 曾經講過 ”Market share has nothing to do with profitability. Market share says we just want to be big; we don't care if we make money doing it. In order to get an additional 5% of the market, some companies increased their costs by 25%. That's really incongruous if profitability is your purpose."
佢話:「市佔率往往同利潤率無關係。 市佔率只係講大, 但未必賺到錢。 有啲公司為咗攞多5%額外市佔率, 願意洗多25%嘅成本, 咁樣同做生意要賺錢嘅理念係互相違背的。」
我自己做商舖基金都係一樣,我成日都話:「我情願人少啲,賺多啲」,遠遠好過「人多多,每人賺少啲!」 人少啲, 社運肺炎,咩風浪都經過起。 人多, 一闊三大,一個浪冚,好易玩完。
記住我上面提過「競爭優勢」就係: 「相比起競爭對手,你有低啲嘅成本,或高啲嘅售價,or both!」 咁點樣同樣嘅產品或服務,你嘅回報就更高。
"Strategy choices aim to shift relative price or relative cost in a company's favor." by Michael Porter
策略的選擇,目的是向公司有利的方向把相對的價錢或成本調整。
咁點選擇呢? 就係睇你條 「Value Chain 企業價值鏈」啦。
"The sequence of activities your company performs to design, produce, sell, deliver and support its products is called the value chain. " by Michael Porter.
由產品的設計、生產、銷售、送遞、到售後服務,這個流程就叫做企業價值鏈。
"A company's value chain is the collection of all its value-creating and cost-generating activities." by Michael Porter.
企業價值鏈係由所有為客戶增值及令企業增加成本的活動總和。
睇圖,Value Chain 包括 Primary Activities 主要活動 and Supporting Activities 輔助活動。入貨、加工、出貨就係你服務顧客啲主要活動。 公司嘅架構、人力資源、科技應用就係輔助活動。Michael Porter 話如果你要贏人, 你就要明白你以上嘅價值鏈每一步、 每個活動、 每個細節對人客嘅價值製造 (value creation) 同相關成本 (cost incurred)。
要勝出,你有兩個選擇:
(1) Compete on execution. Better operational effectiveness. Perform the same activities as rivals, but execute better. Be better, be the best!
用「執行力」去贏人。每一步,設計/入貨/生產/出貨,都同爭對手差不多,但執行得更好、更快、更準。成個流程成本平啲,人客滿意啲。 等於一間茶餐廳, 落單準啲、上菜快啲、 炒餸好味啲。 但教授 Michael Porter 話咁就好似隻老鼠喺個圈入面,operational effectiveness, 跑快啲跑快啲 ,be the quickest, be the best! 但其實不斷地都喺個圈入面跑緊。長遠,人或老鼠,始終會攰, 你好啲,但人哋都會改善追上。競爭對手就遲早令你競爭優勢難以維續。
(2) Compete on strategy. Perform different activities from rivals. Meet the different needs of customers at lower cost or higher price. Be unique.
用「策略」去贏人。設計/入貨/生產/出貨嘅價值鏈,同行內其他爭對手唔同。 明白唔同顧客,有唔同需求。 用低啲嘅成本或者高啲嘅售價,or both, 去滿足佢哋嘅需求。做唯一! Michael Porter 話咁就會令你 好似隻老鼠咁,跑出個圈,走條捷徑,帶你想去嘅地方。 只是專注,長遠你嘅競爭優勢更容易持續。
例如, 美國嘅航空公司過去幾十年都係非常之難做嘅行業,1980年起,ROIC Return on Invested Capital 資本投資回報平均只得每年3.1%。
但我上面提及的西南航空 Southwest Airlines,佢過去幾十年,由(1) 訂票 (只用自己網絡,唔用 agent, 慳番啲手續費) 、(2) 機種 (只用一種波音737,方便機司培訓同保養, 唔似得其他航空公司乜飛機種都有)、(3) 坐飛機無飛機餐(慳返成本及方便清潔)、(4) 無編定座位 (先上機先揀位坐, 唂啲人快啲上飛機,早啲開機)、至 (5) No connecting flights 無轉駁航班 (只有直接 point to point, 唔使等你或你啲行李轉機), 仲有更多更多, 成條嘅 Southest Airlines Value Chain 價值鏈嘅活動,都係同行內競爭對手唔同。 雖然機票售價平啲,但佢成本更加平。咁亦都解釋咗點佢能夠咁多年來平均嘅資本投資回報率 ROIC 高達11.4%,高過同行競爭對手近三倍。
我自己做商舖基金都係一樣, 都係 compete on strategy. 如果我純粹低買,高賣舖。 我只可以靠買得平過人,沽得快過人去賺錢。 但長遠好難持續跑贏大市的優勢, 一個社運肺炎冚埋嚟, 馬上冚旗。
呢條係我哋公司商舖增值嘅價值鏈 (insert graph), 由投資者集資、買舖、解除 order /裝修/分契、至「服務式商舖」搵合適租客 (諗計仔幫佢做多啲生意)、至宣傳推廣出售商舖及「三大保證」售後服務, 加上公司基本設施、人力資源、科技應用、採購流程嘅配合, 我相信香港無任何一個商舖投資者同我哋一樣為商舖增值。 我係舖市要跑贏大市,都係靠呢條 Value Chain 價值鏈。包括,買賣我基金單位嘅交易成本,遠遠低過買賣成間舖。租我哋舖做生意嘅風險,都遠遠低過租間不知名、無人跟進的舖。
咁亦都解釋咗點解,我哋用咗五年時間,今個月就用基金買入咗港幣第一個「10億」舖,前後60間街舖。萬事起頭難,我相信第二個「10億」舖,大約兩年內會完成。
根據哈佛教授 Michael Porter,只要條 value chain 企業價值鏈夠獨特及專注, 好難有另一個競爭對手入嚟係香港街舖嘅層面打低我哋。好多人會嚟抄我哋嘅 business model 商業模式,但佢唔會做舖。 佢會做工廈、商廈、住宅、農地、骨灰龕位、大灣區、非洲、火星,但佢唔做香港街舖。 因為個地頭已經畀我哋霸咗,佢點做都唔夠我哋熟。 唔通我講話我要買1000間香港街舖,佢講話要買2000間,邊個人會信佢! 佢話500間就不如唔好講。
當然,教授話任何 good strategy 都需要 good execution,無好嘅執行力,所有說話只係空談。因此我成日話「持續性、持續性、持續性地執行」好重要。
Both strategy and excution are important. 好嘅「策略」及好嘅「執行力」同樣重要。 只有好嘅 「執行力」,無「策略」,你會賺到錢,不過好大機會係細錢。 加埋好嘅「策略」,配合好嘅「執行力」,大錢就會嚟!
你盤生意呢? 你條企業價值鏈 Value Chain 又係點呢? 同人哋有乜唔同? Are you competing on good execution or good strategy? 你係執行力上贏人、定策略上贏人? 點樣做到成本平啲或收費高啲,or both 呢?
有興趣一齊研究多啲點做? 聽多啲 Michael Porter,就來我七/八月份星期六嘅早餐會啦! 下集我再同你講 (4) What is strategy? How do you create value? 什麼是策略 ? 你如何創造價值?
全文內容:
https://docs.google.com/document/d/10iTzUHyqrhcLvrfYHqZhu8tNpT-jnzKWVhVls09ciWk/edit?usp=drivesdk
。。。。。
My hobby 《星期六早餐會》!
七/八/九月份早餐會 Topic: Applying "Michael Porter" to your business: How to compete and win!
哈佛分享: 如何應用「米高波特」於你盤生意? 點競爭? 點贏?
講起哈佛策略教授, 無人出名過 Michael Porter. 有幸我2017年在哈佛親身上過他教的課程, 今次早餐會同你分享,希望對你做生意亦有所啟發。
有興趣參加啦 😃 每次限四位 (包括我)。 人多傾唔到計。
7月/8月/9月份,逢星期六早上9時開始,約三小時半。地點中環。
對象: 中小企老闆/創業者/公司管理層,連我限4位。
有興趣參加的話,請 whatsapp 你的名片給 Suki (我助手) (+852) 5566 1335。
我唔係靠呢行搵食,免費,我請食早餐 😉 Be friends ..... 有機會到時見你。李根興 Edwin
www.edwinlee.com.hk
www.bwfund.com
聯絡李根興 whatsapp (+852) 90361143
#michael_porter, #競爭策略, #企業競爭優勢,#價值鏈
何謂剩食餐廳 在 Facebook 的最佳貼文
「 書屋花甲x而立書店」 展店集資計畫 x 蠢羊與奇怪生物
我很喜歡萬華南機場這個地方,在新北市讀大學時偶然邂逅此地後就幾乎每週都會造訪一次以上,無論是夜市、早市,或者周邊的小店都讓人流連忘返,直到我出了社會後,南機場早上才賣的魚湯也成了徹夜工作後的慰藉,這是個我充滿感情與回憶的地方。
這次能夠為南機場的繪製公益漫畫,是我的榮幸,希望能讓更多人認識到這位方里長為這塊土地所做的奉獻。
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⭐【方里長簡介】⭐
方荷生,人們稱呼他為「地表最強里長」。
1998 年,方荷生成為台北中正區忠勤里的里長,往後的 23 年,為了打造更趨完善的社福系統,方荷生成立「南機場社區發展協會」去照顧南機場忠勤里的老人、小孩、婦女與弱勢族群。
陸續開設社區國中和國小課輔班。
打造「南機場樂活園地」、「樂活園地愛心廚房」,供應現煮的新鮮餐食,讓長者來到樂活園地共餐、自行取餐或由志工送餐至家中。
「南機場圖書工作站」帶起社區的讀書風氣。
「南機場幸福食物銀行」讓民眾提供物資,使不限地區的受助者都能依照需求領取所需。
2019 年,方里長透過「惜食中途島」去媒合量販店及全台食物銀行,讓這些資源擴散並幫助到忠勤里和周邊。
2020 年,開設儲藝教室,學員從學生、新住民到二度就業婦女,讓更多人於此學會一技之長。
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🌸【書屋花甲簡介】🌸
2016 年開張的書屋花甲咖啡廳,也是方里長在南機場社福體系中一處重要的據點。書屋花甲是一個結合關懷、惜食、教育和分享的「續食餐廳」,透過續食料理讓大家看見食材的價值與真諦,讓大家看見台灣食物浪費的現況、傳遞惜食精神。
何謂續食?就是將不美觀、不合市場規格的食材(比方說醜蔬果、格外品)製作成餐點。「續食」所用的食材都是「仍然可食用」,卻被人們丟棄的食材/食物。
方里長:「我們不叫作剩食,我們叫作續食,續食的意思就是接續食物的生命,可以讓食物真正發揮它的功用,酌量的自己拿,需要的東西就拿走,可以分享給其他的人。」
他們輔導青少年考取專業咖啡師認證,希望培養孩子的一技之長,也在此設置「食享冰箱」,讓有需要的人都能獲得一份支持。
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📖【而立書店展店計畫簡介】📖
五年前,書屋花甲在南機場落地。
現在,為了善盡更大的社會責任,方里長和團隊決定懷抱著初衷,帶著書屋花甲走出南機場,去照顧更多需要被幫助的人們。
方荷生里長決定發起「書屋花甲X而立書店展店計畫」。
延續書屋花甲的中心理念,包含續食菜單以及飛行少年和清寒孩子的培力。有別於書屋花甲的,「而立書店」是首間強調華文創作的書店:
推廣華文創作和台灣文學。
特別設立精神疾病書區以及飲食書寫專區,預計總藏書量 1500+ 本。
與鄰近少輔中心合作,提供免費借閱與寫心得獎勵制,鼓勵閱讀與建立書單。
引進小眾出版社的書,希望可以多幫忙資源比較少的出版社做推廣。
提供所有有志於文學、台灣首次出書的文學創作者,免費的場地舉辦講座(過去大部分都是要有得獎或需等待一段時間才能獲得出版社推書/行銷的機會)
打造新人初登場的舞台,舉辦各式講座、讀書會等藝文活動。
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方里長的女兒幫忙寫補助案計畫書、兒子負責咖啡廳的營運和教學,但依然無法緩釋沈重的資金需求。
方里長決定為書屋花甲展店計畫發起集資,透過群眾集資,除了籌募「書屋花甲X而立書店」展店計畫所需資金,也期望讓更多人延續這份理念與精神,使書屋花甲所珍視並貫徹的「關懷、惜食、教育和分享」精神,成為一顆顆種子,落地、生根、發芽。
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6/29 發起「書屋花甲X而立書店」展店集資計畫
*書屋花甲的店貓「方花甲」,原本是一隻受傷的流浪貓,遇到方里長後快樂地化身南機場的貓王,現在將一同轉戰位於台大溫州商圈的書屋花甲X而立書店
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全台第一間續食餐廳
書屋花甲X而立書店展店集資計畫💰:
https://backme.tw/ref/KAFeB/
#照顧溫飽給予機會
#書屋花甲而立書店
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(訂餐)書屋花甲 台大店續食餐盒🍱
https://reurl.cc/dGAWvz
#方荷生 #地表最強里長 #林立青 林立青
何謂剩食餐廳 在 Follow XiaoFei 跟著小飛玩 Facebook 的最佳解答
近來我發現,在那些針對「熱衷探索自然」的戶外活動愛好者和發布秘境貼文者所日益增長批評裡,最常見的莫過於:
「遊客會製造垃圾!」
「這些地方很多人去的話,接下來就等著看到滿地垃圾吧!」
「這些『熱愛大自然』的人們就是最大的問題!」
「我們不能開放戶外景點給一般大眾,因為他們都不負責任,而且會破壞環境!」
但,真的是這樣嗎?這些遊客是將大量塑膠垃圾傾倒在山林河川當中的主力嗎?讓我們來深入檢視一下這個議題:「為什麼有些廢棄物的最後下場,不是在掩埋場、焚化爐、回收廠、或是相對應的公共衛生處理單位呢?」
不幸的是,一些不成熟的遊客走進了大自然,把垃圾丟在那裡。如果您拜訪任何受歡迎的瀑布或溫泉,可能還會在那裡看到一些垃圾。
遊客傾向於做出兩個錯誤的假設:
<露營垃圾全是可燃的>
這是錯誤的。就像您在家一樣,應將垃圾分類為廢物和可回收物,並隨身攜帶離開。您的垃圾都不應進入營火中。
<食物會迅速分解在自然裡>
雖然沒錯,但蔬菜和加工食品分解可能需要幾個月的時間,橘子皮,蛋殼,骨頭可能需要數年。如果您將麵條或白菜扔進河裡,它們就不會被魚吃掉。它會在那兒呆數周和數月,聞起來酸味並腐爛。即使魚類和動物確實吞噬了您的垃圾,但餵養野生生物也不是您的工作。有生命力的食物種子最終會成為入侵物種,奇怪的食物會使動物生病或死亡。所有多餘的食物都應隨身帶離開。沒有例外。
更糟糕的是隨處可見的煙蒂頭。為什麼吸煙者不認為這些有毒的塑料和化學物質是垃圾?這是無法接受的。
儘管這真令人氣憤,但它並不是山上垃圾的最大來源。嚴重的系統問題是與垃圾收集和處理需求有關
這支影片當中,展示了位於高雄六龜葫蘆谷瀑布的一些垃圾堆。這裡的地勢陡峭,任何被丟進森林裡的垃圾都會沿著斜坡滾下。每當雨水來臨之際之際,重量較輕的塑膠製品就會被沖刷到河流,一路漂流至下游,也就是大家會去玩耍的瀑布那兒;最終,它們進入海洋,並被海浪打上遙遠的某處沙灘。
不過,這隻影片清楚地展示了何謂「誤解」:第一眼看過去,覺得只是幾個保麗龍手搖杯和一些大家會為了踏青而帶出門的東西。但當我們再次細看,裡面居然出現水桶、巨型農用塑膠布(通常寬幅至少為一公尺,幅寬則可長達數十公尺)、農藥空罐、傢俱、和一般家庭垃圾:那些「沒有」任何一個去健行的人會帶著走的物品。這些廢棄物源自山裡,最有可能的來源也就是那些住在山裡的人們。那些垃圾,並非外來者所帶去的。
這並不罕見,也非單一事件。只要在任何山路旁停下,低頭向山壁下望去,就能看見成堆的垃圾袋。那些都是在家裡打包綁好的家庭垃圾,然後在行進中的車上往車窗外扔。家庭垃圾,是來自家庭,並非來自露營者;只要能檢視這些垃圾裡所含有的文件或郵件,便能揭曉它的來源。
即使這些會任意丟棄垃圾的人們只佔了山間居民的極小部分,他們還是有著極大的影響力。而在山區違法傾倒垃圾有過之而無不及的破壞力。無論是什麼原因,有部分居住在山上的住戶,偏好將家庭垃圾棄置於河川勝於妥當的處理。這裡所討論的並非這裡一個、那裡一個的零星垃圾。一個住在台灣的四口家庭,年平均垃圾製造量大約1600公斤。這樣的垃圾量,實屬相當巨大。
而正是因為一個家庭所能產生的垃圾量如此龐大,我們實在很難切確了解這樣的(隨意扔丟家庭垃圾)行為究竟擴及到什麼樣的程度。我在路旁的樹叢裡看過不下數百件垃圾⋯⋯或許數千件了也不一定。但這是因為數十或數百個家庭這麼做,我並無法斷言。唯一能確定的是,塑膠垃圾將「傳承」好幾世代。
如果今天去到偏鄉,將垃圾丟進垃圾桶裡,那些垃圾下場的可能性之一是,人們請來收垃圾的那些車隊將垃圾從民宿或餐廳接走,沒有依照環保署的規定處理,不但沒有把垃圾載到目的地,他們會找個在附近不為人知的地點就隨便把垃圾給倒了。山林裡滿滿都是這樣的情況。我們在河裏所見的一部分垃圾,就是從這些非法掩埋場所洗刷出來的結果。
除了上述提到的部分之外,卻還有其他來源也正在為這樣的情況有所「貢獻」:在許多地方,整卡車的垃圾就是直接傾倒於山路邊,直落山腳的河中。這裡所指的,並非單純的家庭垃圾或傢俱,而是包含來自建築、農業、和工業等的大型廢棄物。諸如此類的物件並非一般民眾所能接觸的到;那麼,之所以會在這裡看到這類型的垃圾只有一個原因:無論是本身製造這些垃圾的單位,或著是他們委託的民間清潔業者,最終選擇不按常規處理廢棄物,選擇違法私了,隨意傾倒。政府的相關單位真的應該要發展一套策略,來確認這些垃圾最終有好好抵達該去的地方。
每年颱風來臨,就會把這些成千上噸的垃圾帶到海洋。但那些垃圾堆卻不會因此減少:因為卡車會帶著新一批的垃圾來再度傾倒。
在對這一切麻痺之前,我那時還會拍攝影片來講述這樣的情況;但現在,我只會假裝眼不見為淨。
話說回來,我倒是能夠理解為何有些偏鄉的家庭垃圾並無法抵達該去的目的地。我本身就是來自於美國的偏鄉地區。在我的成長過程當中,並沒有「公共收垃圾」的這項服務。我們將廚餘做成堆肥,埋在遠離主建築的庭院一角,用落葉堆在上方,放置兩年後再挖來替花園施肥。垃圾和回收物會分在不同的袋子裡。每週一次,我父親會將這些袋子用車子載去離家約二十分鐘車程的郡屬廢棄物集散地和回收中心。的確,整個過程費力費時,但做好回收和妥當處理廢棄物對我爸爸來說非常重要,而我們當時也有這過程裡所需的一切資源來達成這項任務。
但並非我們的街坊鄰居都這麼做。有些家庭沒有時間好好處理垃圾,所以就把成堆的垃圾、生活用具、壞掉的車子和玩具等等,隨意散落在他們的住家四周。這也是相當常見的街景一隅。
在很多方面來說,偏鄉跟都市的生活條件比較起來,的確是不方便許多。以現實層面而言,實際的生活、家庭、經濟狀況,樣樣都會佔去不少時間。並不是所有家庭都能每每在需要之際,花上一個小時來丟好垃圾。但也有人是「能做,但我就是不想做」。沒有垃圾車的時候,他們便會選擇最為便捷的方式。政府真的應該針對山間社區提供更多的收垃圾選項。
我在這裡所訴說一切其實大家都了然於心,卻鮮少被提起。大部分在山林間那些路旁和河邊的垃圾並非來自登山客或是瀑布遊客。那些垃圾來自於那些從未抵達掩埋場的一般人類消耗結果。住在山間那些人們也不願見到如此景象。但這就是現實狀況。
這也是為什麼當我看到像是「殺風景!苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉」這樣的標題時,總會不由自主地翻個大白眼。沒錯,遊客不應該留下任何垃圾,但在不到百米之外,就有個在森林深處的家庭垃圾集散地。幾乎到哪兒都有垃圾。
如果大家有興趣前往探勘現場狀況的話,以下提供三個例子:
(大型): 24.035258, 121.170819
(大型): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(小型): 22.705481, 120.669413
面對這樣的狀況,針對個人的罰鍰並沒有太大幫助。大家平時在生活裏已經有夠多的煩惱了,否則也不會這樣處理事情。就是把收垃圾這件事情弄得再簡單一些就能幫上很大的忙了。山區的垃圾廢棄必須得簡單又方便,如同城市裡所提供的一樣。
最後還是要呼籲大家,因為疫情影響,人民改為國內旅遊,這是一件好事,多了親山近水的機會,也增加露營野餐烤肉樂趣,讓朋友家人感情更融洽!但是大家在拜訪大自然的同時,更需要以身作則,帶來多少食物垃圾,也請一件不留帶走。野生動物不需要被人類餵食,牠們喜歡自己自食其力,所以不用擔心動物會餓,而故意留下吃剩食物殘渣。揮揮衣袖,請帶走全部垃圾,包含烤肉架,野生動物不需要自己烤肉啦~
還有,大家不要再報復性集中旅遊啦~明明台灣美景青山綠水多到數不清,要記得分散人流,防疫新生活還是要落實,真的不知道去哪裡玩嗎?歡迎大家逛逛我的部落格,我製作了全台300多個景點地圖,可以選偏僻冷門的景點去唷~
One of the most common criticisms I see raised against nature goers and people who post 秘境 online is that visitors bring a lot of trash with them. If these areas have a lot of visitors, the result will be that there is a lot of trash. Nature-lovers are the problem. We can’t open up the wilderness to the general public, because they are irresponsible, and will trash the place. But is that really true? Are tourists the main driver of plastic waste in rivers and mountains? Let’s examine this issue a bit further and try to determine why some waste ends up in the rivers instead of landfills and public waste processing centers.
Unfortunately, some of immature tourists go into nature and leave their trash there. If you visit any popular waterfall or hot spring, chances are you will see some trash there too.
Tourists tend to make two false assumptions. One is that camping trash is burnable. It’s not. Your trash should be separated into waste and recyclables, just like you do at home, and taken out with you. None of your trash should go in the campfire.
The other is that food degrades quickly. It doesn’t. Vegetables and processed foods can months, orange peels, egg shells, bones can take years. If you toss noodles or cabbage into the river, it won’t be eaten by fish. It will stay there for weeks and months and rot and smell. Even if fish and animals did eat your garbage, it’s not your job to feed the wildlife. Viable food seeds end up as invasive species and strange foods make animals sick or die. All excess food should be taken out with you. No exceptions.
Even worse are cigarette butts. Why do smokers not think these toxic bits of plastic and chemicals are trash? This is unacceptable.
As infuriating as this is though, it’s not the biggest source of mountain garbage. There are serious systemic problems relating to garbage collection and disposal that need to be addressed.
This video shows a large trash pile at Hulugu Waterfall in Kaohsiung City, Liugui District. The terrain here is very steep. Any trash thrown into the forest will roll down the hill. When it rains, the lighter plastic products will be washed into the river and flow downstream, into the waterfalls you play at, and eventually to the ocean, and eventually onto a remote beach somewhere.
However, a closer look at the piles shows that this can be misleading: at first glance, it looks like a few styrofoam tea cups and items that people might bring on an outing with them. But as we look closer at the waste, we can see there are buckets, plastic farm sheeting, pesticide bottles, furniture, and general household waste. Items that no hiker would ever bring with them. This waste originated in the mountains, by people who live in the mountains. It was not brought by outsiders.
Neither is this a rare or isolated incident. If you stop at literally any section of mountain road and look over the edge you will see entire trash bags down below you. These are household trash bags that were packed and tied shut at home, then thrown out of the window of moving vehicles. It’s household trash, from houses, not campers, and critical examination of this waste would reveal the source through mail and other documents inside.
Even if it’s only a small percentage of the mountain population, they still have a big impact. Illegal trash dumps in the mountains have an even bigger impact. For whatever reason it is, some mountain dwellers prefer to throw their household waste into the river than dispose of it properly. This is not a stray bag here and there. The average 4 person household generates 1600KG of trash per year in Taiwan. That’s a lot of trash.
Because a single family can generate so much garbage, it’s difficult to tell how widespread this practice is. I’ve seen hundreds of trash bags in the forest by the side of the road. Possibly thousands. But if this is by dozens of families or hundreds of families I can’t say. Plastic lasts for generations.
If you visit rural communities and dispose of your trash in their trash can, there is a possibility that the private trucks they hired to pick up those waste from the restaurant or minsu aren’t taking it to an EPA landfill. Instead of delivering the trash to the final destination, they find an isolated spot nearby and just dump the garbage there. It may end up in one of these dumping sites instead. The mountains are full of them. Some of what you will see in a river is washed down from these illegal landfills.
In many places, entire truckloads of trash are dumped over the side of the roads and into the river below. This isn’t just household waste and furniture, but also construction, farming, and industrial waste too. This type of waste is not something that tourists bring into the mountains. Whoever was in charge of disposing of this waste properly decided to dump it into the forest instead. The government needs to develop a method of confirming that mountain waste reaches its intended destination.
Every year typhoons carry tons of this trash away to the ocean, but the trash piles never go away, because new trucks arrive to refill them.
I used to make videos about them before I became desensitized, but now I just pretend I didn’t see them.
I do understand why some rural household waste doesn’t make it to the correct locations though. I’m from a rural area myself. I didn’t have a trash service where I grew up. We composted food waste. It was dumped into piles far away from the house. We covered them with leaves and let them sit for two years before using it for soil in the garden. Trash and recyclables were separated into different bags. Once a week my dad drove these bags 20 minutes into town to the county dump and recycling center. It was a lot of effort, but recycling and proper waste disposal were very important to my dad, and we also had the resources to do it.
Not everyone on my street did though. Some families did not have the time and resources for proper waste disposal, and so they had piles of trash, appliances, broken down cars, broken toys, etc around their property. It was a very common sight.
In many ways, country living isn’t as easy and convenient as living in the city. Sometimes real life, family, and financial problems take up all your time. Not all families can spend an hour each time they want to take out the trash. Some people can, but just don’t want to. When trash trucks are not available, they will take the most convenient option. The government needs to increase trash pickup options for mountain communities.
What I’ve written here is well known, but not often talked about. Most of the roadside and riverside trash in the mountains isn’t from hikers and waterfall goers. It’s from normal human consumption that never makes it to a landfill. People who live in the mountains don’t like it either. But that’s what it’s like.
That’s why when I see headlines like (殺風景!苦花潭遍地遊客垃圾 部落擬封閉), I can’t help but roll my eyes. Tourists shouldn’t be leaving trash there, but there is also a household forest trash dump less than 100 meters away. There’s trash almost everywhere.
Here are a few examples if you wanna go check em out yourself:
(big): 24.035258, 121.170819
(big): 24.6080971,121.2830025
(small): 22.705481, 120.669413
Fines to individuals won’t help. People have enough problems, otherwise they wouldn’t act this way. Just make it easier to take the trash away. Trash disposal needs to be easy and convenient for mountain communities, just like it is for urban communities.
Finally, I still want to appeal to everyone. Because of the impact of the epidemic, the people have changed to domestic tourism. This is a good thing. There are more opportunities to get close to the mountains and rivers. It also increases the fun of camping and picnic barbecues, so that friends and family can feel more harmonious! But everyone is visiting nature At the same time, it is more necessary to set an example, and please don’t leave any food waste with you. Wild animals do not need to be fed by humans. They like to support themselves, so there is no need to worry that the animals will be hungry and intentionally leave leftover food residue. Flick your sleeves, please take away all the garbage, including the barbecue grill, wild animals don’t need to barbecue by themselves~
It’s clear that Taiwan’s beautiful scenery, green mountains and green waters are countless, remember to disperse the flow of people, and the new life of epidemic prevention still needs to be implemented. Do you really know where to go? Welcome everyone to visit me In my blog, I have made maps of more than 300 scenic spots in Taiwan. You can choose remote and unpopular scenic spots to go to