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「Following」と「Below」の使い分けルール
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「下記の通りです」「以下をご覧ください」を英語で書く時に「Following」か「Below」どっちを使うか悩んだことはありませんか?「Following」と「Below」は両方「下記/以下」を表す英表現ですが用法が異なります。今日は「Following」と「Below」の簡単な使い分けをご紹介します。
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1) Following
→「次の」
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基本的なルールとして「Following」は名詞の前に使われます。「下記の」というよりは「次の」を意味します。メールでは「次の」=「下記の」を表しますが、スピーチやプレゼンをする際、「次の◯◯は」を「The following ____」と表現することができます。
✔「Following」を名詞で使う場合は一般的に「The following is/are/has ◯◯」になります。
<例文>
The following topics were discussed in today’s meeting.
(以下の課題が今日のミーティングで議論されました)
The following products are out of stock.
(以下の商品は在庫切れです)
Please refer to the following link.
(下記のリンクを参照してください)
Please send it to the following address.
(以下の住所にお送りください)
The following is the expense report.
(以下は経費報告書です)
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2) Below
→「下記の / 以下の」
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メールでは基本「Below」は名詞の後に使われます。「Below」は「下の」を意味するので文章やメールで表すことが一般的です。
✔「Below」は文章の最後に使われることが多いです。
<例文>
The topics below were discussed in today’s meeting.
(以下の課題が今日のミーティングで議論されました)
The products below are out of stock.
(以下の商品は在庫切れです)
Please see below.
(下記をご覧ください)
Please send it to the address below.
(以下の住所にお送りください)
The details are listed below.
(詳細は下記の通りです)
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refer to用法 在 EZ Talk Facebook 的最佳解答
#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#圖片問題提示_跟星鑑迷航記StarTrek有關
#dish跟plate在英國是不同東西
🇺🇸美國生活諺語:dish篇🍽
1⃣ a dish (though it's a bit old-fashioned)
2⃣ Revenge is a dish best served cold
3⃣ dish it out; sb. can dish it out, but not take it
4⃣ dish the dirt (on); dish on
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When we say “wash the dishes,” we mean all the tableware, and even the silverware. But in English, whereas plates are usually used to eat from, dishes, which are flatter than bowls, and not as flat as plates (and sometimes have lids), are used to serve or cook food. And a dish can also refer to the food that is served in the dish. Now let’s learn some other dish-related idioms!
我們知道 wash the dishes「洗碗」是泛指洗所有的餐具,即使是銀製餐具也算在內。但是在英國,plate跟dish則是兩種不同的東西,plate 是進餐時用的淺盤,而 dish 則是比碗淺但比 plate 深的深盤(有時還附蓋子),通常是裝盛菜餚出餐或烹煮食物用。dish 也可以指該道菜。說完了,接下來就來介紹跟 dish 一字有關的諺語吧。
You know that a serving of food can be called a dish, but what if you 1⃣call a person a dish? It means they’re sexy and attractive. This expression, which sounds a little old-fashioned these days, likely has it’s origins in comparing a person to a delicious dish of food. Ex: Wow, she’s gorgeous—what a dish!
你知道一道菜可以用 a dish 稱之,但你叫一個人a dish又是怎麼回事?其實是說那個人性感吸引力十足,「是你的菜」。儘管這個表達放在現在已經有點過時,就跟拿一道菜來比喻一個人一樣過氣。如:Wow, she’s gorgeous—what a dish!(哇,那個妹有夠正的──是天菜。)
Besides food, what else can be served on dishes? Revenge! Have you ever heard the proverb, 2⃣“Revenge is a dish best served cold”? It means that revenge is most satisfying when one takes the time to plan it carefully and carry it out when your enemy least suspects it, rather than immediately after one is wronged. This expression has existed for hundreds of years, but it was made popular when it appeared in the 1982 movie, Star Trek II, the Wrath of Khan. Ex: A: How can you let him get away with treating you like that? B: I won’t, but revenge is a dish best served cold.
除了食物,還有什麼可以裝在盤子上?仇恨!你有聽過俗語「君子報仇三年不晚」(Revenge is a dish best served cold)嗎?指與其立即復仇,花時間慢慢計畫再實行,讓敵人放下戒心之後再復仇,這樣會更令人滿足。1982年電影《星艦迷航記2: 星戰大怒吼》讓這個存在已經好幾百年的老俗語再次流行起來。如:A: How can you let him get away with treating you like that? 你怎麼能忍受他這樣對待你? B: I won’t, but revenge is a dish best served cold. 我不會繼續忍下去的,但是君子報仇三年不晚。
As a verb, dish means “to serve,” and is the basis of a number of expressions. To 3⃣“dish it out” means to criticize or insult, and is often used in the idiom, “sb. can dish it out, but not take it,” which is used to describe people who are quick to criticize others, but can’t take criticism themselves. Ex: A: I didn’t realize that Karen was so thin-skinned. B: Yeah. She can dish it out, but she can’t take it.
dish當動詞指「上菜」,也延伸出好幾種諺語用法。dish it out指「批評,侮辱」,常出現在sb. can dish it out, but not take it.這個諺語中,指「愛批評他人卻批評不得的人」。如:A: I didn’t realize that Karen was so thin-skinned. 我不明白為什麼凱倫會這麼膚淺。B: Yeah. She can dish it out, but she can’t take it.是啊,她愛批評別人,但見不得別人批評她。
Another idiom with dish as a verb is 4⃣“dish the dirt (on),” which means to gossip about someone or something. Ex: Let’s sit down, have a drink and dish the dirt. The expression “dish on” also has the same meaning. Ex: Why are you always dishing on Patricia?
另一個dish當動詞的諺語是dish the dirt on,指「八卦某事或某人」。如Let’s sit down, have a drink and dish the dirt.(咱們坐下來喝杯茶聊八卦吧。)也可以用dish on表示:Why are you always dishing on Patricia?(為什麼你總是在八卦派翠西亞?)
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🔔 按下「搶先看」,每週五【美國大小事】,由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事!想知道更多美國文化,請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選
refer to用法 在 EZ Talk Facebook 的最讚貼文
#EZTALK #你不知道的美國大小事
#放空的英文怎麼說
Vegetable Idioms
美國生活用語之🥒蔬菜「vegetable」篇
中文的「植物人」其實就是從 vegetable 這個字而來
表達「放空」的英文,除了說 space out,也可以用這個字喔
跟著 Libby 編一邊啃蔬菜,一邊來看看這週的美國生活用語吧 👉
1⃣ vegetable
2⃣ vegetate
3⃣ veg out; be vegged out
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We’ve been talking a lot about vegetable idioms, but what about the word vegetable itself? Because vegetables are technically alive, but can’t move (or talk), 1⃣ the word is sometimes used to refer to someone who is paralyzed or in a coma. This informal term can be considered offensive though, so use with care. Ex: Tom was in a serious accident, and now he’s a vegetable.
到現在我們已經介紹了許多與蔬菜相關的美國生活用語,vegetable 這個字本身倒還沒介紹過。蔬菜算是有生命的,只是不能動也不能說話,所以vegetable 這個字也指「植物人」,指癱瘓或陷入昏迷的人。不過這個不正式用法有時候有會有歧視意味,要小心使用。如:Tom was in a serious accident, and now he’s a vegetable.(湯姆發生嚴重意外,現在是植物人。)
This sense of the word vegetable has also produced 2⃣ the verb “vegetate,” which means to sit around doing nothing or spacing out. Sounds like something a couch potato would do, right? Ex: I just spent all weekend vegetating on the couch.
上述定義也延伸出動詞 vegetate,指呆坐著啥也沒做或一直放空,聽起來跟couch potato的行為有點像吧。如:I just spent all weekend vegetating on the couch.(整個週末我都待在沙發放空。)
Another more colloquial expression with the same meaning Is 3⃣ “veg out.” Ex: Stop vegging out and do your homework! Veg out is also used in the adjectival form “vegged out.” Ex: When I got home, Anthony was vegged out in front of the TV.
同樣可以表達「放空」但更為口語的說法是 veg out,如:Stop vegging out and do your homework!(別再放空了,快寫功課!)veg out 這個動詞片語也可以用形容詞 vegged out 表達,如:When I got home, Anthony was vegged out in front of the TV.(我到家時,安東尼正坐在電視前發呆。)
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🔔 按下「搶先看」,每週五【美國大小事】,由 Judd 編審分享最即時美國新鮮事!想知道更多美國文化,請看 👉 http://bit.ly/EZTalk嚴選
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