今早為Asian Medical Students Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK)的新一屆執行委員會就職典禮作致詞分享嘉賓,題目為「疫情中的健康不公平」。
感謝他們的熱情款待以及為整段致詞拍了影片。以下我附上致詞的英文原稿:
It's been my honor to be invited to give the closing remarks for the Inauguration Ceremony for the incoming executive committee of the Asian Medical Students' Association Hong Kong (AMSAHK) this morning. A video has been taken for the remarks I made regarding health inequalities during the COVID-19 pandemic (big thanks to the student who withstood the soreness of her arm for holding the camera up for 15 minutes straight), and here's the transcript of the main body of the speech that goes with this video:
//The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, continues to be rampant around the world since early 2020, resulting in more than 55 million cases and 1.3 million deaths worldwide as of today. (So no! It’s not a hoax for those conspiracy theorists out there!) A higher rate of incidence and deaths, as well as worse health-related quality of life have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, including people of lower socioeconomic position, older persons, migrants, ethnic minority and communities of color, etc. While epidemiologists and scientists around the world are dedicated in gathering scientific evidence on the specific causes and determinants of the health inequalities observed in different countries and regions, we can apply the Social Determinants of Health Conceptual Framework developed by the World Health Organization team led by the eminent Prof Sir Michael Marmot, world’s leading social epidemiologist, to understand and delineate these social determinants of health inequalities related to the COVID-19 pandemic.
According to this framework, social determinants of health can be largely categorized into two types – 1) the lower stream, intermediary determinants, and 2) the upper stream, structural and macro-environmental determinants. For the COVID-19 pandemic, we realized that the lower stream factors may include material circumstances, such as people’s living and working conditions. For instance, the nature of the occupations of these people of lower socioeconomic position tends to require them to travel outside to work, i.e., they cannot work from home, which is a luxury for people who can afford to do it. This lack of choice in the location of occupation may expose them to greater risk of infection through more transportation and interactions with strangers. We have also seen infection clusters among crowded places like elderly homes, public housing estates, and boarding houses for foreign domestic helpers. Moreover, these socially disadvantaged people tend to have lower financial and social capital – it can be observed that they were more likely to be deprived of personal protective equipment like face masks and hand sanitizers, especially during the earlier days of the pandemic. On the other hand, the upper stream, structural determinants of health may include policies related to public health, education, macroeconomics, social protection and welfare, as well as our governance… and last, but not least, our culture and values. If the socioeconomic and political contexts are not favorable to the socially disadvantaged, their health and well-being will be disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Therefore, if we, as a society, espouse to address and reduce the problem of health inequalities, social determinants of health cannot be overlooked in devising and designing any public health-related strategies, measures and policies.
Although a higher rate of incidence and deaths have been widely observed in the socially disadvantaged groups, especially in countries with severe COVID-19 outbreaks, this phenomenon seems to be less discussed and less covered by media in Hong Kong, where the disease incidence is relatively low when compared with other countries around the world. Before the resurgence of local cases in early July, local spread of COVID-19 was sporadic and most cases were imported. In the earlier days of the pandemic, most cases were primarily imported by travelers and return-students studying overseas, leading to a minor surge between mid-March and mid-April of 874 new cases. Most of these cases during Spring were people who could afford to travel and study abroad, and thus tended to be more well-off. Therefore, some would say the expected social gradient in health impact did not seem to exist in Hong Kong, but may I remind you that, it is only the case when we focus on COVID-19-specific incidence and mortality alone. But can we really deduce from this that COVID-19-related health inequality does not exist in Hong Kong? According to the Social Determinants of Health Framework mentioned earlier, the obvious answer is “No, of course not.” And here’s why…
In addition to the direct disease burden, the COVID-19 outbreak and its associated containment measures (such as economic lockdown, mandatory social distancing, and change of work arrangements) could have unequal wider socioeconomic impacts on the general population, especially in regions with pervasive existing social inequalities. Given the limited resources and capacity of the socioeconomically disadvantaged to respond to emergency and adverse events, their general health and well-being are likely to be unduly and inordinately affected by the abrupt changes in their daily economic and social conditions, like job loss and insecurity, brought about by the COVID-19 outbreak and the corresponding containment and mitigation measures of which the main purpose was supposedly disease prevention and health protection at the first place. As such, focusing only on COVID-19 incidence or mortality as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities may leave out important aspects of life that contributes significantly to people’s health. Recently, my research team and I collaborated with Sir Michael Marmot in a Hong Kong study, and found that the poor people in Hong Kong fared worse in every aspects of life than their richer counterparts in terms of economic activity, personal protective equipment, personal hygiene practice, as well as well-being and health after the COVID-19 outbreak. We also found that part of the observed health inequality can be attributed to the pandemic and its related containment measures via people’s concerns over their own and their families’ livelihood and economic activity. In other words, health inequalities were contributed by the pandemic even in a city where incidence is relatively low through other social determinants of health that directly concerned the livelihood and economic activity of the people. So in this study, we confirmed that focusing only on the incident and death cases as the outcomes of concern to address health inequalities is like a story half-told, and would severely truncate and distort the reality.
Truth be told, health inequality does not only appear after the pandemic outbreak of COVID-19, it is a pre-existing condition in countries and regions around the world, including Hong Kong. My research over the years have consistently shown that people in lower socioeconomic position tend to have worse physical and mental health status. Nevertheless, precisely because health inequality is nothing new, there are always voices in our society trying to dismiss the problem, arguing that it is only natural to have wealth inequality in any capitalistic society. However, in reckoning with health inequalities, we need to go beyond just figuring out the disparities or differences in health status between the poor and the rich, and we need to raise an ethically relevant question: are these inequalities, disparities and differences remediable? Can they be fixed? Can we do something about them? If they are remediable, and we can do something about them but we haven’t, then we’d say these inequalities are ultimately unjust and unfair. In other words, a society that prides itself in pursuing justice must, and I say must, strive to address and reduce these unfair health inequalities. Borrowing the words from famed sociologist Judith Butler, “the virus alone does not discriminate,” but “social and economic inequality will make sure that it does.” With COVID-19, we learn that it is not only the individuals who are sick, but our society. And it’s time we do something about it.
Thank you very much!//
Please join me in congratulating the incoming executive committee of AMSAHK and giving them the best wishes for their future endeavor!
Roger Chung, PhD
Assistant Professor, CUHK JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, @CUHK Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong 香港中文大學 - CUHK
Associate Director, CUHK Institute of Health Equity
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請支持 #融樂會,關注香港少數族裔教育
10月17日是 #國際消除貧困日。根據《少數族裔貧窮狀況報告》(2016年),香港五分之一的少數民族生活在貧困線以下。 他們中有64.7%生活在勞動家庭中,比總貧困人口高出約15%。 由於較低的受教育程度和的技能水平而導致的低收入是造成工作貧困的主要原因。 較低的中文水平亦阻礙了他們的就業能力和社區融合。為了解決世代相傳的貧困問題,香港融樂會致力於增加少數民族兒童獲得優質和公平教育的機會。
各有心人可以透過以下連結,捐贈 Hong Kong Unison 香港融樂會
------------------------
17th October is the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty.
According to the Poverty Situation Report of Ethnic Minorities (2016), one in five ethnic minorities in Hong Kong lived below the poverty line. 64.7% of them lived in working households, about 15% higher than the overall poor population. Lower employment earnings due to lower educational attainment and skill levels of employed persons were the major causes of working poverty. Having lower Chinese proficiency hindered their employability and community integration.
To tackle inter-generational poverty, Hong Kong Unison has worked tirelessly to increase ethnic minority children’s access to quality and equitable education, including calling on the Education Bureau to
monitor racial discrimination at kindergarten admissions,
abolish racially segregated “designated” primary and secondary schools for non-Chinese speaking students, and
provide additional support in Chinese learning for ethnic minority children in mainstream schools.
Hong Kong Unison firmly believes education can help lift this vulnerable group out of poverty towards upward mobility.
Support Unison – act together now to empower ethnic minority children, their families and communities to end poverty!
All funding received will go towards Unison’s advocacy project “Equitable Education for All”.
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這一週是主的受難週⋯
今天是耶穌基督受難的日子
後天禮拜天是復活節
⋯
今天安靜在家裡工作⋯
想到復活節的這一週
全世界什麼面臨的疫情
再看看自己⋯
還可以吃還可以笑還可以自由⋯
甚至內心裡面有一種
平靜安穩⋯
想到主如何愛我
帶領我走出黑暗⋯
就流出感恩的淚水⋯
我們都應該思考並且感恩
更珍惜每一個時刻
你的心在哪裡
你的行為跟熱情也會在哪⋯
🙏🙏🌹❤️🕊🕊🕊🕊
(謝謝多年前黃國倫在音樂人團琴
契錄製的這一張「因祂活著」專輯,非常開心榮幸的在朱頭皮音樂 pigheadskin music負責製作的這一首單曲裡面 唱了這一首黑人靈歌were you there? 分別用英文中文泰雅語唱的這一首⋯🌹❤️🕊🕊
一直到現在,每一次唱這一首我心裡都有很深的感動跟感恩 謝謝耶穌 )🌹❤️
(哥林多前書 13:3) 我若將所有的賙濟窮人,又捨己身叫人焚燒,卻沒有愛,仍然與我無益。
(1 Corinthians 13:3) And though I bestow all my goods to feed the poor, and though I give my body to be burned, and have not charity, it profiteth me nothing.
Were you there 你在那裏嗎?
Were you there when they crucified my Lord
(我的主被釘時 你在哪裡)
Oh were you there
when they crucified my Lord
(我的主被釘時 你在哪裡)
Ooh sometimes it causes me to tremble, tremble, tremble, tremble, tremble
(嗚 有時我一想到就顫抖 顫抖 顫抖)
Were you there when they crucified my Lord
(我的主被釘時 你在哪裡)
(中文)
我的主被釘時 你在哪裡
我的主被釘時 你在哪裡
嗚 有時我一想到 就顫抖 顫抖 顫抖
我的主被釘時 你在哪裡
(泰雅語 Atayal Tribe language)
Zus Maki-i-nu Jesu-Ki-Lisdo, Moh-in
(我的主被釘時 你在哪裡)
Zus Maki-i-nu Jesu-Ki-Lisdo, Moh-in
(我的主被釘時 你在哪裡)
Lu-un-ma-ko-ga, Ya-ah-zi, gaslmu
(嗚 有時我一想到就顫抖 顫抖 顫抖)
Lu-un-ma-ko-ga, Ya-ah-zi, gaslmu
(嗚 有時我一想到就顫抖 顫抖 顫抖)
Were you there
when they nailed him to the cross
(當主被他們釘十字架時 你在哪裡?)
Were you there
when they pierced Him im the side
(當他們拿槍扎祂的肋旁 你在哪裡?)
Ooh sometimes it causes me to tremble, tremble, tremble
(嗚 有時我一想到就顫抖 顫抖 顫抖)
Were you there when the sun refused to shine
(當日頭變黑時 你在哪裡?)
Were you there when they laid him in the tomb
(當主被他們將安放在墳墓時 你在哪裡?)
and I'll be there
When He rose up from the grave
(我的主復活時 我必在那裏!)
https://youtu.be/EvcVeZTB0dU
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*感謝高雄貓腳印協助影片完成
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挑戰開出1000000元的初代噴火龍卡牌!
20年前的初代中文寶可夢卡牌大開箱!
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#初代寶可夢卡包 #中文寶可夢初代卡包 #一百萬噴火龍
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全破《鎧島》後你可以完成10件事(隱藏結局&隱藏彩蛋)!
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0:00 開場
0:22 破關!與熊徒弟成為夥伴!
1:04 進化武道熊師!打倒馬士德師傅!
1:23 添加馬師傅武館內的設施!蜜葉的隱藏劇情!
3:21 取的勁敵克拉拉、賽寶利的稀有聯盟卡
3:39 《鎧之孤島》內所有「功能NPC」!
4:42 如何進化伽勒爾呆殼獸?
5:01 「伽勒爾荳蔻枝」該如何取得?
5:15 《鎧之孤島》努力值如何移除?
5:42 《鎧之孤島》如何取消「跟隨系統」?
6:09 《鎧之孤島》如何學習「傳授招式」?
6:23 《鎧之孤島》如何進行「制約比試」?
6:43 「極巨菇菇」如何取得??
7:37 「柑果球 - 球果」如何取得?
8:15 「機器鶘」球果合成食譜!
8:39 《鎧之孤島》每日挑戰NPC!
9:23 如何湊齊《鎧之孤島》地方圖鑑?如何改變鎧島天氣?
10:07 《鎧之孤島》版本限定寶可夢?
10:25 《鎧之孤島》全禮物寶可夢!151地鼠訓練家的獎勵?
10:58 《鎧之孤島》全交換寶可夢NPC?
11:28 《鎧之孤島》完成圖鑑的獎勵?
12:06 《可可》小智版帽子如何取得?
我們正在遊玩《寶可夢劍盾》
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*中文翻譯版:
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#鎧之孤島 #劍盾擴充票 #寶可夢劍盾
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