【主動不足(active insufficiency)】
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當肌肉長度在「過度縮短」的位置,會使肌肉能「主動出的力減少」,這樣的現象我們稱為主動不足(active insufficiency)。因為肌肉的收縮,是倚賴肌凝蛋白(myosin)跟肌動蛋白(actin)的結合,我們稱為橫橋(cross bridge),橫橋(結合)的數目越多,能產生的力越大。當肌肉處在過短的位置,會使肌凝蛋白跟肌動蛋白彼此蓋住,所以形成的橫橋會較少。
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這也是為什麼,許多動作跟姿勢,肌肉會處在相對「中間」的位置,稱為肌肉的休息長度(muscle resting length),既不是縮短、也不是拉長,因為能形成的橫橋是最多的。
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🔸 生活的應用
因此大多數人,提著重物時,手肘會不自覺地彎曲到90度、呈一個直角,因為這是肱二頭肌(biceps brachii)的休息長度,能主動產生的力最大。
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🔸 訓練的應用
訓練中,「同一個動作下,可能用許多肌群」,如果想要著重在其中一個肌群,可以將其他肌群擺在較短的位置,來減少他們的使用。例如橋式(Bridging)可以同時用到臀部跟大腿後側肌群,若傾向用更多臀部肌群,會透過增加膝關節的彎曲角度,使大腿後側肌群處在較短的位置,來達到主動不足。
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其他文章:https://jackchen.sport.blog/
其他圖片:https://www.instagram.com/chenhc82/
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#activeinsufficiency #musclelength #crossbridge #lengthtensionrelationship #restinglength #force #training #exercise #physiology #kinesiology #physiotherapist #CSCS #主動不足 #肌肉長度 #橫橋 #休息長度 #肌肉 #力 #訓練 #運動 #生理學 #肌動學 #物理治療師 #肌力與體能訓練師 #陳曉謙
同時也有1部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過250萬的網紅Joanna Soh Official,也在其Youtube影片中提到,Exercises for Lower Back Pain (Dos & Don'ts) | Joanna Soh SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/SUBJoannaSoh | Follow my IG: https://instagram.com/joannasohofficia...
「bridging exercise」的推薦目錄:
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- 關於bridging exercise 在 蕭叔叔英式英文學會 Uncle Siu's British English Club Facebook 的最佳貼文
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bridging exercise 在 麥克健身 Marky's Training Facebook 的最讚貼文
《認證篇(二)——國外認證》
上次介紹了本地認證,今次介紹一下國外認證。麥克認識的主要來自美國的健身認證機構,暫且簡單分享一下:
1. NSCA (National Strength and Conditioning Association)
——C.S.C.S. (Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist)相信是美國健身界最具認受性認證之一。唯先決條件必須擁有大學學士或以上學位人士方可報讀。
——TSAC-F® (Tactical Strength and Conditioning Facilitator®)
這認證針對訓練紀律部隊之用。
——CSPS® (Certified Special Population Specialist®)
這認證針對訓練特別需要人士,例如:心血管病、呼吸系統疾病、新陳代謝疾病(糖尿病)、免疫系統疾病(愛滋病、貧血)、筋骨疾病(骨質疏鬆)、長者或孕婦等等人士。
——CPT (Certified Personal Trainer)
這認證限制比較少,適合有心投身健身教練行業之人士報讀。
NSCA接受網上考試申請,報名後120天內到指定考試中心進行選擇題形式之考試。以下是報考網址:
https://www.nsca.com/certification/
另外,機構提供各種網上學習資源作購買,每一樣都有助增加考試合格率。🤣🤣
https://www.nsca.com/Store-Grid/?Category=EXPREPMAT
2. ACSM (American College of Sports Medicine)
http://www.acsm.org
為了這篇文章,麥克再次走進這機構網站瀏覽。發覺以前簡單的認證已被仔細分類成更專項的認證。麥克十多年前考過的H.F.S (Health and Fitness Specialist) 現在已不再存在,但認證內容跟現在的E.P. (Exercise Physiologist)相若。內容針對訓練有健康特別需要人士,與NSCA的CSPS®認證十分相近。唯報讀條件必須是擁有大學運動科學學士或以上學位人士報讀。
ACSM都有提供私人教練(CPT)及小組指導員(Group Exercise Instructor)認證,報讀要求亦十分簡單。跟NSCA一樣,網上報名考試,120日內到指定考試中心進行選擇題形式之考試。
3. NASM (National Academy of Sports Medicine)
NASM提供三種認證:
——私人健身教練Certified personal Trainer
——矯正運動訓練Corrective Exercise Trainer
——表現提升Performance Enhancement。
https://www.nasm.org
麥克考這認證時已差不多十年前的事,當時感覺很美式化,就是將細小內容過份演釋。
這機構商業味很重,標榜認證給予更優厚收入機會及限時報讀折扣優惠等等銷售字樣。
香港有機構會協辦課程,有現場課堂,但實習課比重佔多少實在需要致電查詢:
http://www.opstudiohk.com/opscourse/nasm-cpt-cantonese-15/
論方便,的確這間是香港提供的少有國際認可之認證機構;論品質,跟上面兩間不能相提並論。
4. PICP (Poliquin international certification program)
由知名教練Charles Poliquin創辦,專門針對運動表現提升之專項認證機構,是一個很不錯的教練訓練機構。可惜現在好像已經變成另一回事。原因似乎是Charles自2013年離開了該機構,自己組成另一機構叫Strength Sensai。
而PICP年多前更取消了各地舉辦的課程,大部份變成網上課程,就這樣連最有價值的實習部份都消失了。
5. PTA global
這認證很多年前成立時跟舊公司合作,作為公司教練的基本認證之一。當年上了一、兩天課,完成了所謂的Bridging Course就算。從感覺上看,這機構有不少內容跟NASM很相似,再把其他多個認證的特點炒在一起,看似厲害但實際虛無飄渺。
6. ACE (American council on Exercise)
麥克在美國當教練時,這認證算是最不被尊重之一,可以不理。
bridging exercise 在 蕭叔叔英式英文學會 Uncle Siu's British English Club Facebook 的最佳貼文
蕭叔叔短評被譽為「人生有呢種朋友不枉此生」的黃仁龍那十頁紙求情信
全文:
http://m.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20170220/s00001/1487583133001
(報章轉載錯漏不少,敬請留意)
I have known Mr Donald Tsang since 2005. As Secretary for Justice (SJ), I worked closely with Donald as Chief Executive (CE) between October 2005 and June 2012. In addition to official dealings, I consider Donald to be a good friend and someone I admire for his dedication to public service.
Donald's over 40 years of service and contribution to Hong Kong is a matter of public record. Others will speak to his key role in helping Hong Kong weather through stormy financial crises. Here I would refer to his significant contributions to the public based on my own personal experience particularly in the area of the rule of law in Hong Kong.
During my 7-year tenure as SJ, I had on numerous occasions tendered legal advice to Donald as CE. He would sometimes debate with me and test the basis of the advice; but he has never acted against such legal advice. This in itself is a remarkable attribute as the head of the HKSAR.
Donald always said to me the Governors he previously worked with, however headstrong, would always abide by the legal advice of the Attorney General, and it is important that the CE of the HKSAR should stay that way.
Congo Case
One of the most important tasks, if not the most important task, of the CE of HKSAR is to faithfully and effectively implement the principle of “one country, two systems.” The power of the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPCSC) to interpret the Basic Law and its exercise have always been considered a major challenge to the post-1997 constitutional order.
During my tenure as SJ, the NPCSC interpreted the Basic Law once in 2011. That was upon the reference by the Court of Final Appeal (CFA) on the question of state immunity. The issue in the case is whether the People’s Republic of China’s doctrine of absolute immunity (under which no foreign state can be sued in the court at all) should be followed in Hong Kong. Prior to 1997, Hong Kong’s common law provided for restrictive immunity, where foreign states could be sued if the dispute arouse out of commercial transactions.
The HKSAR Government lost in the Court of First Instance and in the Court of Appeal. If the Government were to lose again in the CFA, it could stir up serious political and economic repercussions for China particularly vis-à-vis her African friends. National interest of China was at stake. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was understandably very concerned.
Immense political pressure mounted. There were suggestions that Beijing should not take any risk but should consider taking more definitive measures such as an interpretation of the Basic Law before the appeal was heard. If that were to happen, on the eve of the appeal hearing, the damage to judicial independence would not be less than an overriding post-judgment interpretation.
I cannot go into further details for confidentiality reasons. However, I can testify that Donald has been solid and staunch in endorsing my stance against any extra-judicial measure in view of its adverse impact on the rule of law.
Owing in no small part to Donald’s endorsement and resolve, the Central People’s Government (CPG) was content to trust the HKSAR Government and the CFA, and to leave the appeal to be heard by the highest court, despite grave risk and many conflicting views given by others. At the end, the Government won in the CFA by a majority of 3 to 2. The Court further referred the relevant Basic Law provisions to Beijing for interpretation, as required under Article 158 of the Basic Law, before pronouncing the final judgment. A huge constitutional crisis was warded off. The rule of law had prevailed.
Over this difficult episode, I know Donald had been under tremendous pressure. I remember often times he suffered from acute acid reflux before and after major discussions. Yet he stood firm throughout.
As CE, Donald had faithfully discharged the indispensable trust reposed by both the CPG and by Hong Kong. He had the courage to stand by what he believes to be right and the ability to address mutual concerns and to strengthen mutual understanding. He had performed well the crucial bridging role in the two-way process under “one country, two systems” at critical times.
Constitutional Reform
There was another important event in which Donald’s principled stance had been vital in achieving a favourable result for Hong Kong: constitutional reform.
Although no change could be made of the imminent 2017 CE election method due to the set-backs in 2016, during Donald’s tenure as CE, he has been made significant contributions toward moving Hong Kong closer to universal suffrage.
The first landmark was achieved, with tremendous efforts by the core team under Donald’s lead, when the NPCSC delivered its decision in December 2007 setting out “the timetable” and “road map” for universal suffrage in terms of the elections of CE and Legco.
Second, in 2010, the Government managed to secure Legco’s support to pass the 2012 constitutional reform package. Here, Donald had played a pivotal role, one perhaps not many are aware of.
Whether the 2012 reform package could be passed in 2010 was crucial to ensure “gradual and orderly progress” and that the next round (i.e. the intended goals of universal suffrage in electing CE in 2017) could be achieved.
In June 2010, the original government proposal was losing support and hope was vanishing for it to be passed at Legco. Time was running out. Whether to modify the package by incorporating a proposal of the Democratic Party (i.e. the additional 5 District Council Functional Constituency seats to be elected by over 3 million electorate, “the new DCFC election method”) appeared to be the lynchpin.
Without going into details again for confidentiality reasons, I can again testify that the make-or-break moment was when Donald made the timely and difficult decision to revise the package by incorporating the new DCFC election method. It was an agonizing decision for him as he had to override certain internal opposition and to risk personal credibility and trust before the CPG. As an insider, I know that decision was not a political manoeuvre but a selfless act for the sake of the long-term wellbeing of Hong Kong and the smooth transition toward universal suffrage.
Son of Hong Kong
Donald is truly a “son of Hong Kong” (香港仔). His genuine concern for the public good is most vividly demonstrated when Hong Kong was caught in crises of one kind of another.
Hong Kong went through attacks of avian flu and swine flu. Donald tirelessly headed the cross-bureau task forces and chaired long and intensive meetings. I remember more than once Donald being caught in very heated debates with colleagues, pushing them to the limit to mobilize maximum resources and manpower, in order to give the public maximum protection against these outbreaks. He would grill colleagues over thorny issues such as requisitioning hotels as places of quarantine, not satisfied with the usual civil service response of reluctance, as lives of many were at stake.
Over the Manila hostage incident in August 2010, Donald vigorously pressed the President of the Philippines for full investigation, joining the victims’ families and the rest of Hong Kong to cry for justice, although his action raised eyebrows as foreign affairs strictly is a matter of the CPG under Article 13 of the Basic Law.
Donald had a strong concern for young people. During my tenure, exceptionally I was commissioned to chair a Steering Committee to combat drug abuse by youth. The public might not realize this initiative in fact came from Donald. He was deeply concerned and alarmed by the reports reflecting the seriousness of the problem. He was determined to tackle the problem pro-actively. The Steering Committee was unprecedented, involving concerted and strategic efforts of different departments and bureaus. More importantly, Donald was instrumental in putting in substantial and sustainable resources to strengthen the efforts. The figures of reported drug abusers, particularly among young abusers, have seen significant decline in the past few years.
Other contributions on the rule of law
There was no shortage of controversial cases involving judicial reviews and fundamental human rights. Amidst other voices and political pressure, Donald had fully taken on board the legal position that the Government has a positive duty to protect such rights, including taking reasonable and appropriate measures to enable lawful demonstrations to take place peacefully.
Further, Donald also readily took on my advice regarding procedural fairness in handling Government businesses with quasi-judicial element such as administrative appeals.
Donald truly believes in judicial independence. He assured me repeatedly the independent and internationally renowned Judiciary in the HKSAR is our pride and the cornerstone of our success. His personal commitment to this cause is manifested in his positive response in acceding to many recommendations of the Mason Report endorsed by the Standing Committee on Judicial Salaries and Conditions of Service.
Furthermore, his conviction on the importance of the law as Hong Kong’s assets was amply manifested in his exceptional support in the development of Hong Kong’s capacity as an international arbitration centre. Donald was very understanding on the need of expansion on this front and had put in personal efforts to make it happen. He was instrumental in enabling resources are in place to secure additional space for the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre, and to procure the arbitration arm of the International Chamber of Commerce and the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission to set up regional offices in Hong Kong.
A fair man who has given much to the public
Before joining the Government, I was an Election Committee member of the Legal Subsector elected on the same ticket as Ms Audrey Eu, Mr Alan Leong and other vocal barristers. In that capacity, in 2005, I first met Donald in an election forum where I questioned him harshly and criticised the Government’s earlier attitude over certain rule of law issues. Instead of bearing any grudge, in the late summer of 2005, Donald invited me to take up the post as SJ, assuring me that he would give me full support in upholding the rule of law in Hong Kong. That quality of fairness in Donald and that personal assurance to me have never slackened in the following 7 years in which I served in his cabinet.
As CE of the HKSAR, Donald had truly poured himself out. I strongly believe his significant contributions to Hong Kong in the past over 4 decades should be properly recognized.
Dated the 20th day of Februray 2017.
Wong Yan Lung SC
- See more at: http://m.mingpao.com/ins/instantnews/web_tc/article/20170220/s00001/1487583133001#sthash.0nwGN3QA.dpuf
bridging exercise 在 Joanna Soh Official Youtube 的最讚貼文
Exercises for Lower Back Pain (Dos & Don'ts) | Joanna Soh
SUBSCRIBE: http://bit.ly/SUBJoannaSoh | Follow my IG: https://instagram.com/joannasohofficial/
Watch Next Crazy Workout Challenges: https://youtube.com/watch?v=g83v1m2P4_g&list=PLyP8pbBMxcsgw079OkBK0o-sjKzX4qE0Jm
With our lifestyle nowadays, a lot of us to suffer from Lower Back Pain. Lower Back Pain can be due to weak and also tight muscles. Watch this video to know the exercises that can help to reduce lower back pain and exercises you should avoid to make it worse!
Do you make these mistakes? Let me know!
Record a video or take a picture of you doing the workout, tag me @JoannaSohOfficial #JSohActive
Joanna is a certified Personal Trainer (ACE), Women’s Fitness Specialist (NASM) and Nutrition Coach, with over 8 years of experience.
________________
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Joanna Soh:
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________________
AVOID
- Full Sit-ups
- Double Leg Raises
- Superman
- Standing Toe Touches
- Squat Jumps
- High Impact Exercises
PERFORM
- Partial Crunches
- Knee to Chest
- Bird Dog
- Bridging
- Hamstring Stretches
- Wall Squat
________________
MORE WORKOUT VIDEOS TO GUIDE YOU THROUGH YOUR JOURNEY
-
Beginner Fat Burning Morning Workout
https://youtu.be/1fDHrKRqy34
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How to Lift Dumbbells to Lose Weight (Gym Training)
https://youtu.be/70GpsTPeNFs
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Burn Back Fat & Bra Bulge (4 Exercises)
https://youtu.be/Cljf5O_3vIs
-
Kickboxing to Lose Flabby Arms / Bingo Wings (No Equipment)
https://youtu.be/hDLRNuezpZA
-
4-Week Toning Butt & Abs Challenge
https://youtu.be/5rReZm8uDM0
-
Gentle Morning Yoga Stretches to Feel Energized
https://youtu.be/Ib1e_eOFZRo
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30-Minute HIIT Yoga for Slimmer Legs
https://youtu.be/MWpNoFdGh4Q
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30-Minute Beginner HIIT Yoga for Stronger Core
https://youtu.be/FxJ3VWscT3I
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Here's the complete playlist to more than 50 videos:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyP8pbBMxcsjSQjf_2V8ZJku_njMfh_Zm
bridging exercise 在 Dr Ayesha Rai - Bridging exercise, a closed chain... | Facebook 的推薦與評價
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