【教務處開學防疫相關措施】
Relevant prevention measures for the upcoming semester of the Office of Academic Affairs
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各位好:
因應嚴重特殊傳染性肺炎疫情發展,除校方發布各項防疫措施外,有關教學及其相關申辦業務,請各單位依據以下措施配合辦理:
一、110-1學期開學後前三週全面採遠距教學,授課教師應將上課網址及課程相關訊息公告於課程大綱 (有關NTU COOL課程網頁如何設為公開,詳見 https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/2021/09/09/visibility/ )。實驗、實作或人數較少的研究所課程若需採實體授課,須依以下規範辦理:
(一) 落實課堂點名並禁止在教室內飲食。
(二) 上課教室應保持通風良好及定時清消。
(三) 全程配戴口罩,並維持安全社交距離 (1.5米或2.25平方米)。
(四)於110年9月24日前提出申請送教務處核定:申請表詳見課務組公告 https://www.space.ntu.edu.tw/navigate/s/CB679CFFA6134C83B4964E40A30A460AQQY
二、開學後第四週起上課方式,修課人數80人(含)以上課程採遠距教學,80人以下以實體課程為原則,特殊情形請於110年10月12日前提出申請送教務處核定:申請表詳見課務組公告 https://www.space.ntu.edu.tw/navigate/s/CB679CFFA6134C83B4964E40A30A460AQQY
(一) 採實體授課者,仍須依前述防疫規範辦理。
(二)本校鼓勵教師以數位和實體並行的混成方式進行教學準備,詳細資訊請見數習中心網站: https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/2021/09/08/blended-teaching/
三、本學期加退選、停修彈性做法如下:
(一) 解除擋修、超修及減修申請書: 老師及系主任可親簽或用郵件代替簽名,請同學將申請書及相關同意證明以email寄至所屬教務單位承辦人。
(二) 開學後第一、二週加退選:
1.第1、3類方式加選:照舊(上網登記分發)。
2.第2類方式加選(授權碼): 建議老師可用信件傳遞授權碼予學生加選,並記錄學號留存,以利日後查核。
(三) 開學後第三週人工加選及停修:老師及系主任可親簽或用郵件代替簽名,請同學將申請書及相關同意證明,合併成1個pdf檔上傳至教務處。上傳網址將再另行公告。
(四) 因本學期前3週皆採遠距授課,同學在加退選期間若有加簽或聽課需求,請主動聯繫授課老師。
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教務處 敬上
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Dear NTU community members,
Given the current pandemic situation, the University is asking all academic and administrative units to comply with the following measures regarding teaching and learning for the upcoming semester despite the epidemic prevention measures released by the school:
A. All courses shall adopt distance learning in the first three weeks since 110-1 semester. Teachers shall announce course URL and relevant information on course description.(If you want to set the visibility of your course page on NTU COOL to be public, please see this document: https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/2021/09/09/visibility/ ) If experiments, hands-on course,graduate courses with fewer people,wish to give physical course, please follow the measures listed below:
1. Teachers shall do the roll call, while eating and drinking in the classroom is forbidden.
2. Classrooms shall be cleansed and disinfected regularly, while kept ventilated.
3. Face masks must be worn throughout, while social distancing shall be maintained (e.g., 1.5 meters or 2.25 square meters).
4. Please submit an application form ( https://www.space.ntu.edu.tw/navigate/s/CB679CFFA6134C83B4964E40A30A460AQQY ) to the Office of Academic Affairs before September 24th.
B. In principle, 80 or above people selecting a course shall adopt distance learning from the fourth week of 110-1 semester. Courses under 80 people will be in-person classes. In special cases, please fill out this application form ( https://www.space.ntu.edu.tw/navigate/s/CB679CFFA6134C83B4964E40A30A460AQQY ) before October 12th.
1. In-person class shall comply with the regulations listed above.
2. Teachers are encouraged to adopt a blended teaching approach -a combination of online learning and in-person class - to prepare the courses. For more information, please see the website of Digital Learning Center: https://www.dlc.ntu.edu.tw/2021/09/08/blended-teaching/
C. The flexible measures of this semester for adding, dropping, and withdrawing classes are as follows.
1. The “Unblock Course Request Form”, “Course Overload Request Form”, and “Course Underload Request Form”:
The lecturer and the director may sign these request forms in person or reply by email to these request forms to indicate their approval of the request. Please email the request form and the proof for approval to the contact person in the Office of Academic Affairs.
2. Adding and dropping classes in the first and second week of this semester:
(1) . Adding classes in the first and the third category:
The process is as usual. Students may register for classes online.
(2). The second category (adding classes with a permission number):
It is recommended that the lecturer email a permission number to students and record the student number for future verification.
3. Adding or withdrawing classes in the third week of this semester:
The lecturer and the director may sign the application form in person or reply by email to the application form to indicate their approval of the request. Please combine the application form and the proof for approval into a single PDF and upload it to the Office of Academic Affairs. The website address for uploading the file will be announced separately.
4. Because online teaching is conducted during the first three weeks of this semester, if students want to add or attend the classes during the period, they need to contact the lecturer.
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Office of Academic Affairs
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「as following'' or as follows」的推薦目錄:
- 關於as following'' or as follows 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的最佳解答
- 關於as following'' or as follows 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於as following'' or as follows 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於as following'' or as follows 在 Roboco Ch. - ロボ子 Youtube 的最佳解答
- 關於as following'' or as follows 在 Roboco Ch. - ロボ子 Youtube 的最讚貼文
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as following'' or as follows 在 國立臺灣大學 National Taiwan University Facebook 的最佳貼文
【本校防疫訊息 配合防疫警戒降為二級調整各項防疫措施】
NTU COVID-19 Prevention Message—Preventive Measures in the Upcoming Alert Level 2
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全校教職員工生大家好:
配合指揮中心宣布防疫警戒降為二級,本校調整各項防疫措施如下:
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1.7月27日起上午7時至下午7時校園進出口增至七處,夜間則維持三處進出口。校內各館舍管制維持目前三級管制方式。
總務處公告:( https://ga.ntu.edu.tw/main_ch/docDetail/55/55/28445/1100513 )
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2.暑期校方辦理課程維持遠距離,如果院系有些課程,需要實體實施,請跟教務處申請;教室內只允許50人以下上課;校屬教學大樓空間暫時維持不外借。
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3.強烈建議社團仍以辦理線上活動為主;在防疫相關規範下,於7/27~8/9期間,有條件開放室內50人、室外100人以下之實體活動(體育性活動限制室內20人、室外40人以下);音樂性社團如無法全程配戴口罩,則不開放辦理活動;其餘體育性及旅遊性活動,因易有肢體碰觸或無法全程配戴口罩(住宿),將輔導社團嚴格遵守防疫政策,如降低活動人數、住宿一人一室等。
課外組公告:( https://osa_activity.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/2132)
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4.學生活動中心開放社團辦公室及場地借用,惟食品、飲料技藝社辦在臺北市政府宣布開放餐廳內用前,仍暫停開放。
學生活動中心公告:(http://www.active.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/758)
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5.學生心理輔導中心(含資源教室)即日起進行三級警戒前以及警戒期間之學生的初、晤談安排,以及開放初談預約。
心輔中心公告:( https://scc_osa.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/142 )
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6.保健中心門診維持現行僅上午家醫科看診的模式,且開放接受校外人士初診。
保健中心公告:( https://shmc.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/878 )
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7.圖書館配合措施如下:
(1) 8月2日上午8時起恢復開放讀者入館,7月27~30日期間,仍維持現行閉館窗口服務及開放時間。
(2)全館各樓層開放(含自習室),開放時間調整為週一至週五8-17時,週六、週日不開放。
(3)閱覽區及自習室一律採梅花座,總圖書館一至五樓閱覽區容留人數上限為400人,自習室容留人數上限為394人。
圖書館公告:( https://www.lib.ntu.edu.tw/node/4052 )
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8.體育室轄管之運動場館,戶外場地將開放田徑場、棒壘球場、網球場、籃球場及排球場;綜合體育館與舊體將開放室內球類場地及健身中心,供本校教職員工生、校友及本校退休人員使用。運動時須全程配戴口罩,不得違規群聚,詳細規範請洽詢體育室或參考各場地現場張貼的使用規範。
新體公告:( https://ntusportscenter.ntu.edu.tw/#/ )
體育室公告:( https://pe.ntu.edu.tw/?tid=96#/news/2366/news )
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9.校內餐廳一律外帶使用,校外委外場地防疫措施是否鬆綁依台北巿政府規定辦理,目前暫停營業商家將再協調開業時間。
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10.公文傳送仍暫維持現有運作方式。
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11.自7月27日起各單位居家辦公人數調整為不超過單位總人數之二分之一為原則,居家辦公者須完成網路電話設定,維持辦公室聯絡無中斷。此外,居家辦公人員採1小時彈性上下班時間(上班08:00至09:00、下班17:00至18:00)規定。
人事室公告:( https://ann.cc.ntu.edu.tw/asp/Show.asp?num=82539 )
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其他相關防疫措施細節,請以各權責單位網頁公告為準。
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國立臺灣大學防疫小組 敬上
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Dear NTU students and colleagues,
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According to the Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), the current alert level will be lowered to Level 2 starting July 27. In response to this, the University is asking all of you to fully comply with the newly adjusted measures as follows.
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1.Starting July 27, the Main Campus will be accessed via the current three to seven gates, from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m. The campus can only be accessed in the evenings through the three gates. Level 3 access control will continue to be implemented to all university premises.
Click the link for more information
( https://ga.ntu.edu.tw/main_ch/docDetail/55/55/28445/1100513 )
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2.Summer courses will continue to be taught remotely. If necessary, applications for in-person classes may be filed with the Office of Academic Affairs. To this end, each in-person class should accommodate no more than 50 people. Rental of the University’s lecture buildings remains unavailable.
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3. Club events are strongly advised to be held online. In compliance with the regulations during the lowered alert level period (July 27-August 9), in-person events with no more than 50 people indoors or 100 people outdoors may be held (the number is reduced to 20 people indoors and 40 people outdoors for sports events). In-person music club events should not be held if the mask-wearing mandate cannot be enforced. For other types of sports and leisurely events where physical contact cannot be avoided or masks cannot be worn at all times (e.g. accommodation), the organizing clubs will be instructed to strictly abide by preventive measures such as reducing the number of participants and following the one person per room policy.
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4. The Student Activity Center will reopen student club offices and open rental of its spaces. However, the food and beverage club will remain closed before resumption of dining-in is announced by the Taipei City Government.
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5. The Student Counseling Center (including the Disability Support Services) will resume counseling services and reservation as of the day of the lowered alert level. Click the following for more information
(https://scc_osa.ntu.edu.tw/en/board/detail/sn/144 )
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6. The morning Family Medicine clinics at the Health Center will continue. First-time registration is allowed for non-NTU members. Click the following for more information
( https://shmc.ntu.edu.tw/board/detail/sn/878 )
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7. Preventive measures at the NTU Library are as follows:
1) The library will reopen to the general public beginning 8 a.m. August 2. From July 27 to 30, it will remain closed and only the circulation service is available.
2) All floors will reopen (including the B1 study rooms). The opening hours are 8 a.m.-5 p.m., Mon. through Fri. The library is closed on weekends.
3) Criss-cross seating will be implemented in the reading areas and study rooms. The library may accommodate up to 400 people in its reading areas (1st to 5th floors). The reading rooms may accommodate up to 394 people. Click the following for more information
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8. The Athletic Department will reopen the outdoor Sports Field, baseball and softball fields, tennis courts, basketball courts and volleyball courts. Indoor ball courts and the fitness center at the NTU Sports Center and the old Sports Center will be reopened to all members of the NTU community. Please wear a mask at all times when you play sports. Clustering in these locations is strictly forbidden. For more information, please contact the Athletic Department or refer to terms of use at every venue.
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9.On-campus food locations provide take-outs only; off-campus restaurants will follow the announcements by the Taipei City Government. Talks with the food providers on resuming operation is still ongoing.
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10. The current method for delivering official documents will continue.
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11. Starting July 27, not more than ½ of all the staff in a given academic/administrative office should work from home. Those that do should have their internet phone set up and abide by the one-hour flextime (clock in 8-9 a.m.; clock out 5-6 p.m.).
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For details of other preventive measures, please refer to online announcements of respective competent offices.
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Sincerely yours,
NTU Epidemic Prevention Team
as following'' or as follows 在 Taipei Ethereum Meetup Facebook 的最讚貼文
📜 [專欄新文章] Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth
✍️ 田少谷 Shao
📥 歡迎投稿: https://medium.com/taipei-ethereum-meetup #徵技術分享文 #使用心得 #教學文 #medium
Once again the game-changing DEX 🦄 👑
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Outline
0. Intro1. Uniswap & AMM recap2. Ticks 3. Concentrated liquidity4. Range orders: reversible limit orders5. Impacts of v36. Conclusion
0. Intro
The announcement of Uniswap v3 is no doubt one of the most exciting news in the DeFi place recently 🔥🔥🔥
While most have talked about the impact v3 can potentially bring on the market, seldom explain the delicate implementation techniques to realize all those amazing features, such as concentrated liquidity, limit-order-like range orders, etc.
Since I’ve covered Uniswap v1 & v2 (if you happen to know Mandarin, here are v1 & v2), there’s no reason for me to not cover v3 as well ✅
Thus, this article aims to guide readers through Uniswap v3, based on their official whitepaper and examples made on the announcement page. However, one needs not to be an engineer, as not many codes are involved, nor a math major, as the math involved is definitely taught in your high school, to fully understand the following content 😊😊😊
If you really make it through but still don’t get shxt, feedbacks are welcomed! 🙏
There should be another article focusing on the codebase, so stay tuned and let’s get started with some background noise!
1. Uniswap & AMM recap
Before diving in, we have to first recap the uniqueness of Uniswap and compare it to traditional order book exchanges.
Uniswap v1 & v2 are a kind of AMMs (automated market marker) that follow the constant product equation x * y = k, with x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y in a pool and k as a constant.
Comparing to order book exchanges, AMMs, such as the previous versions of Uniswap, offer quite a distinct user experience:
AMMs have pricing functions that offer the price for the two tokens, which make their users always price takers, while users of order book exchanges can be both makers or takers.
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have infinite liquidity¹, while order book exchanges don’t. The liquidity of Uniswap v1 & v2 is provided throughout the price range [0,∞]².
Uniswap as well as most AMMs have price slippage³ and it’s due to the pricing function, while there isn’t always price slippage on order book exchanges as long as an order is fulfilled within one tick.
In an order book, each price (whether in green or red) is a tick. Image source: https://ftx.com/trade/BTC-PERP
¹ though the price gets worse over time; AMM of constant sum such as mStable does not have infinite liquidity
² the range is in fact [-∞,∞], while a price in most cases won’t be negative
³ AMM of constant sum does not have price slippage
2. Tick
The whole innovation of Uniswap v3 starts from ticks.
For those unfamiliar with what is a tick:
Source: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tick.asp
By slicing the price range [0,∞] into numerous granular ticks, trading on v3 is highly similar to trading on order book exchanges, with only three differences:
The price range of each tick is predefined by the system instead of being proposed by users.
Trades that happen within a tick still follows the pricing function of the AMM, while the equation has to be updated once the price crosses the tick.
Orders can be executed with any price within the price range, instead of being fulfilled at the same one price on order book exchanges.
With the tick design, Uniswap v3 possesses most of the merits of both AMM and an order book exchange! 💯💯💯
So, how is the price range of a tick decided?
This question is actually somewhat related to the tick explanation above: the minimum tick size for stocks trading above 1$ is one cent.
The underlying meaning of a tick size traditionally being one cent is that one cent (1% of 1$) is the basis point of price changes between ticks, ex: 1.02 — 1.01 = 0.1.
Uniswap v3 employs a similar idea: compared to the previous/next price, the price change should always be 0.01% = 1 basis point.
However, notice the difference is that in the traditional basis point, the price change is defined with subtraction, while here in Uniswap it’s division.
This is how price ranges of ticks are decided⁴:
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
With the above equation, the tick/price range can be recorded in the index form [i, i+1], instead of some crazy numbers such as 1.0001¹⁰⁰ = 1.0100496621.
As each price is the multiplication of 1.0001 of the previous price, the price change is always 1.0001 — 1 = 0.0001 = 0.01%.
For example, when i=1, p(1) = 1.0001; when i=2, p(2) = 1.00020001.
p(2) / p(1) = 1.00020001 / 1.0001 = 1.0001
See the connection between the traditional basis point 1 cent (=1% of 1$) and Uniswap v3’s basis point 0.01%?
Image source: https://tenor.com/view/coin-master-cool-gif-19748052
But sir, are prices really granular enough? There are many shitcoins with prices less than 0.000001$. Will such prices be covered as well?
Price range: max & min
To know if an extremely small price is covered or not, we have to figure out the max & min price range of v3 by looking into the spec: there is a int24 tick state variable in UniswapV3Pool.sol.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/whitepaper-v3.pdf
The reason for a signed integer int instead of an uint is that negative power represents prices less than 1 but greater than 0.
24 bits can cover the range between 1.0001 ^ (2²³ — 1) and 1.0001 ^ -(2)²³. Even Google cannot calculate such numbers, so allow me to offer smaller values to have a rough idea of the whole price range:
1.0001 ^ (2¹⁸) = 242,214,459,604.341
1.0001 ^ -(2¹⁷) = 0.000002031888943
I think it’s safe to say that with a int24 the range can cover > 99.99% of the prices of all assets in the universe 👌
⁴ For implementation concern, however, a square root is added to both sides of the equation.
How about finding out which tick does a price belong to?
Tick index from price
The answer to this question is rather easy, as we know that p(i) = 1.0001^i, simply takes a log with base 1.0001 on both sides of the equation⁴:
Image source: https://www.codecogs.com/latex/eqneditor.php
Let’s try this out, say we wanna find out the tick index of 1000000.
Image source: https://ncalculators.com/number-conversion/log-logarithm-calculator.htm
Now, 1.0001¹³⁸¹⁶² = 999,998.678087146. Voila!
⁵ This formula is also slightly modified to fit the real implementation usage.
3. Concentrated liquidity
Now that we know how ticks and price ranges are decided, let’s talk about how orders are executed in a tick, what is concentrated liquidity and how it enables v3 to compete with stablecoin-specialized DEXs (decentralized exchange), such as Curve, by improving the capital efficiency.
Concentrated liquidity means LPs (liquidity providers) can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish, which causes the liquidity to be imbalanced in ticks.
As each tick has a different liquidity depth, the corresponding pricing function x * y = k also won’t be the same!
Each tick has its own liquidity depth. Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Mmm… examples are always helpful for abstract descriptions 😂
Say the original pricing function is 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k), with the price of X token 1000 / 100 = 10 and we’re now in the price range [9.08, 11.08].
If the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is the same as [9.08, 11.08], we don’t have to modify the pricing function if the price goes from 10 to 11.08, which is the boundary between two ticks.
The price of X is 1052.63 / 95 = 11.08 when the equation is 1052.63 * 95 = 100000.
However, if the liquidity of the price range [11.08, 13.08] is two times that of the current range [9.08, 11.08], balances of x and y should be doubled, which makes the equation become 2105.26 * 220 = 400000, which is (1052.63 * 2) * (110 * 2) = (100000 * 2 * 2).
We can observe the following two points from the above example:
Trades always follow the pricing function x * y = k, while once the price crosses the current price range/tick, the liquidity/equation has to be updated.
√(x * y) = √k = L is how we represent the liquidity, as I say the liquidity of x * y = 400000 is two times the liquidity of x * y = 100000, as √(400000 / 100000) = 2.
What’s more, compared to liquidity on v1 & v2 is always spread across [0,∞], liquidity on v3 can be concentrated within certain price ranges and thus results in higher capital efficiency from traders’ swapping fees!
Let’s say if I provide liquidity in the range [1200, 2800], the capital efficiency will then be 4.24x higher than v2 with the range [0,∞] 😮😮😮 There’s a capital efficiency comparison calculator, make sure to try it out!
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
It’s worth noticing that the concept of concentrated liquidity was proposed and already implemented by Kyper, prior to Uniswap, which is called Automated Price Reserve in their case.⁵
⁶ Thanks to Yenwen Feng for the information.
4. Range orders: reversible limit orders
As explained in the above section, LPs of v3 can provide liquidity to any price range/tick at their wish. Depending on the current price and the targeted price range, there are three scenarios:
current price < the targeted price range
current price > the targeted price range
current price belongs to the targeted price range
The first two scenarios are called range orders. They have unique characteristics and are essentially fee-earning reversible limit orders, which will be explained later.
The last case is the exact same liquidity providing mechanism as the previous versions: LPs provide liquidity in both tokens of the same value (= amount * price).
There’s also an identical product to the case: grid trading, a very powerful investment tool for a time of consolidation. Dunno what’s grid trading? Check out Binance’s explanation on this, as this topic won’t be covered!
In fact, LPs of Uniswap v1 & v2 are grid trading with a range of [0,∞] and the entry price as the baseline.
Range orders
To understand range orders, we’d have to first revisit how price is discovered on Uniswap with the equation x * y = k, for x & y stand for the amount of two tokens X and Y and k as a constant.
The price of X compared to Y is y / x, which means how many Y one can get for 1 unit of X, and vice versa the price of Y compared to X is x / y.
For the price of X to go up, y has to increase and x decrease.
With this pricing mechanism in mind, it’s example time!
Say an LP plans to place liquidity in the price range [15.625, 17.313], higher than the current price of X 10, when 100(x) * 1000(y) = 100000(k).
The price of X is 1250 / 80 = 15.625 when the equation is 80 * 1250 = 100000.
The price of X is 1315.789 / 76 = 17.313 when the equation is 76 * 1315.789 = 100000.
If now the price of X reaches 15.625, the only way for the price of X to go even higher is to further increase y and decrease x, which means exchanging a certain amount of X for Y.
Thus, to provide liquidity in the range [15.625, 17.313], an LP needs only to prepare 80 — 76 = 4 of X. If the price exceeds 17.313, all 4 X of the LP is swapped into 1315.789 — 1250 = 65.798 Y, and then the LP has nothing more to do with the pool, as his/her liquidity is drained.
What if the price stays in the range? It’s exactly what LPs would love to see, as they can earn swapping fees for all transactions in the range! Also, the balance of X will swing between [76, 80] and the balance of Y between [1250, 1315.789].
This might not be obvious, but the example above shows an interesting insight: if the liquidity of one token is provided, only when the token becomes more valuable will it be exchanged for the less valuable one.
…wut? 🤔
Remember that if 4 X is provided within [15.625, 17.313], only when the price of X goes up from 15.625 to 17.313 is 4 X gradually swapped into Y, the less valuable one!
What if the price of X drops back immediately after reaching 17.313? As X becomes less valuable, others are going to exchange Y for X.
The below image illustrates the scenario of DAI/USDC pair with a price range of [1.001, 1.002] well: the pool is always composed entirely of one token on both sides of the tick, while in the middle 1.001499⁶ is of both tokens.
Image source: https://uniswap.org/blog/uniswap-v3/
Similarly, to provide liquidity in a price range < current price, an LP has to prepare a certain amount of Y for others to exchange Y for X within the range.
To wrap up such an interesting feature, we know that:
Only one token is required for range orders.
Only when the current price is within the range of the range order can LP earn trading fees. This is the main reason why most people believe LPs of v3 have to monitor the price more actively to maximize their income, which also means that LPs of v3 have become arbitrageurs 🤯
I will be discussing more the impacts of v3 in 5. Impacts of v3.
⁷ 1.001499988 = √(1.0001 * 1.0002) is the geometric mean of 1.0001 and 1.0002. The implication is that the geometric mean of two prices is the average execution price within the range of the two prices.
Reversible limit orders
As the example in the last section demonstrates, if there is 4 X in range [15.625, 17.313], the 4 X will be completely converted into 65.798 Y when the price goes over 17.313.
We all know that a price can stay in a wide range such as [10, 11] for quite some time, while it’s unlikely so in a narrow range such as [15.625, 15.626].
Thus, if an LP provides liquidity in [15.625, 15.626], we can expect that once the price of X goes over 15.625 and immediately also 15.626, and does not drop back, all X are then forever converted into Y.
The concept of having a targeted price and the order will be executed after the price is crossed is exactly the concept of limit orders! The only difference is that if the range of a range order is not narrow enough, it’s highly possible that the conversion of tokens will be reverted once the price falls back to the range.
As price ranges follow the equation p(i) = 1.0001 ^ i, the range can be quite narrow and a range order can thus effectively serve as a limit order:
When i = 27490, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹⁰ = 15.6248.⁸
When i = 27491, 1.0001²⁷⁴⁹¹ = 15.6264.⁸
A range of 0.0016 is not THAT narrow but can certainly satisfy most limit order use cases!
⁸ As mentioned previously in note #4, there is a square root in the equation of the price and index, thus the numbers here are for explantion only.
5. Impacts of v3
Higher capital efficiency, LPs become arbitrageurs… as v3 has made tons of radical changes, I’d like to summarize my personal takes of the impacts of v3:
Higher capital efficiency makes one of the most frequently considered indices in DeFi: TVL, total value locked, becomes less meaningful, as 1$ on Uniswap v3 might have the same effect as 100$ or even 2000$ on v2.
The ease of spot exchanging between spot exchanges used to be a huge advantage of spot markets over derivative markets. As LPs will take up the role of arbitrageurs and arbitraging is more likely to happen on v3 itself other than between DEXs, this gap is narrowed … to what extent? No idea though.
LP strategies and the aggregation of NFT of Uniswap v3 liquidity token are becoming the blue ocean for new DeFi startups: see Visor and Lixir. In fact, this might be the turning point for both DeFi and NFT: the two main reasons of blockchain going mainstream now come to the alignment of interest: solving the $$ problem 😏😏😏
In the right venue, which means a place where transaction fees are low enough, such as Optimism, we might see Algo trading firms coming in to share the market of designing LP strategies on Uniswap v3, as I believe Algo trading is way stronger than on-chain strategies or DAO voting to add liquidity that sort of thing.
After reading this article by Parsec.finance: The Dex to Rule Them All, I cannot help but wonder: maybe there is going to be centralized crypto exchanges adopting v3’s approach. The reason is that since orders of LPs in the same tick are executed pro-rata, the endless front-running speeding-competition issue in the Algo trading world, to some degree, is… solved? 🤔
Anyway, personal opinions can be biased and seriously wrong 🙈 I’m merely throwing out a sprat to catch a whale. Having a different voice? Leave your comment down below!
6. Conclusion
That was kinda tough, isn’t it? Glad you make it through here 🥂🥂🥂
There are actually many more details and also a huge section of Oracle yet to be covered. However, since this article is more about features and targeting normal DeFi users, I’ll leave those to the next one; hope there is one 😅
If you have any doubt or find any mistake, please feel free to reach out to me and I’d try to reply AFAP!
Stay tuned and in the meantime let’s wait and see how Uniswap v3 is again pioneering the innovation of DeFi 🌟
Uniswap v3 Features Explained in Depth was originally published in Taipei Ethereum Meetup on Medium, where people are continuing the conversation by highlighting and responding to this story.
👏 歡迎轉載分享鼓掌
as following'' or as follows 在 Roboco Ch. - ロボ子 Youtube 的最佳解答
#RBC350K耐久SP #APEX #ホロライブ
34・35万人記念をまとめて耐久すぺしゃる!!
カジュアルでみんなとの通算ダメージで35万を目指すよ!
クロスプレイとPCのみで時間分けます!
#RBC350K耐久SP でツイート応援お願いします!!!
♦ルール♦
・基本は一人1戦!
※1戦できたらボクの負担を
減らすために自分でフレ消してください!
・RBCはVCつけてます!
視聴者さんの声はボク、配信には乗りません!
・暴言等はやめてください!
・誰でも楽しく参加していってね!
★特殊ルール★
・チャンピオンとったら総合ダメージ×10
・チャンピオン+RBCがダメージ1番多かったら総合ダメージ×35
・全員で計4000ダメージ取れたら総合ダメージ×3
※複数取れてしまった場合は1番大きい×で(×35>×10>×3)
★時間割目安★
12:00~15:00 PC
15:30~20:00 クロスプレイ
20:30~??? PC
時間割は目安です、配信中に募集たてます!
全員できるとは限らないのでご了承ください!
※クロスプレイの時にメンバーが全員PCだったらPC鯖にします
IDはRobocosamaaa です!誰でも参加してねっ
Tweet with #RBC350K耐久SP to show your support for Roboco's 350k damage done endurance stream
♦Rules♦
・1 match per person*
・Be friendly to each other.
・Everyone that follows these rules can join, so let's have fun together!
*Please remove me from your friends list after the match so others can join.
I'll be using in-game VC, but participant's mics won't be heard on stream.
★Special Rules★
・If total team damage is 4000 or more: Total damage x3
・If we get a champion: Total damage ×10
・If we get a champion + I have the highest damage: Total damage x35
※If we get multiple bonuses, highest multiplier will be used (×35>×10>×3)
★Estimated Schedule★
12:00~15:00 PC server
15:30~20:00 Crossplay
20:30~??? PC server
This schedule is only an approximation.
I'll accept friend requests during the stream too.
Keep in mind that everyone might not be able to participate.
※During crossplay, we'll use PC server if all the participants are using PC.
My ID=Robocosamaaa
Everyone can participate!!
ロゴ:9_ri
サムネ絵:のーさー
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
本ゲームは © 2020 Electronic Arts Inc. の
承諾を得た上で配信・収益化を行なっております
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
チャンネル登録や高評価で応援してね💕
★ロボ子さん
twitter : https://twitter.com/robocosan
youtube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDqI2jOz0weumE8s7paEk6g
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
~コピペ用~
~For Copy paste use, please use the following stamps to join rooting me singing!~
🤖🔌充電中 ®〰© ®️❣️©️
⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡
📡🌸📡🌸📡🌸📡🌸
*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚
~ボクのメンバーになりませんか?~
9月からプランが2つに変更されました!
①ろぼさ~/月490
・チャット内でバッジ&カスタムスタンプ利用
・ASMR以外の限定配信視聴
・コミュ二ティでの画像配布
②高性能ろぼさ~/月1190
・ろぼさ~プラン
・ASMR限定配信視聴
みんなの加入お待ちしております💓
※①➡②へのアップデートの仕方
1.ロボ子さんのチャンネルのホーム画面へ行き、「メンバーシップ特典」の部分をタップする
2.「高性能ろぼさーへようこそ」のタブをタップすると、「レベルの変更」というボタンが表示されているはずなので、そのボタンをタップする
3.各自設定している支払い方法に合わせて支払い方法の登録等をする
4.登録等が終われば更新完了します
Iphoneができない民は一旦メンバーシップをストアからきって、
またPCから更新するといいって聞いています;;
As you know, Roboco's membership has 2 level now. So she asked if there's anyone who can't do the upgrade.
And for those who know the solutions, please share it here.
For iphone user who can't upgrade their membership, try ending your membership from apple store and reapply it again.
I haven't got any report from other users, but it should work for other platform as well.
★登録はコチラ→ https://t.co/hcjxHtMqOy?amp=1
★限定アーカイブリスト→ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF54qiUa9cTuOKngczTOAniEU0QbVge5h
★メンバー登録のやり方が分からない人向け↓
https://vandle.jp/hello/usage-youtube-member/
*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚
【所属会社からのお知らせ】
現在弊社タレントに対し、配信中のチャット等によりセンシティブな発言を誘発して、炎上を引き起こそうとする事象が散見されています。
これに対し、NGワードを設定して予防を行っておりますが、当該対応は政治的意図を含むものではなく、タレントの安全な配信を担保するためである旨ご理解ください。
上記のとおり、炎上を故意に誘発しようとするユーザーによるチャットやコメントによって、タレントが意図せずセンシティブな発言を行ってしまう可能性があります。
このような発言を行った場合にも、タレントには政治的・社会的意図は無いことを予めご理解ください。
Notices From COVER Corporation
We have been made aware of a number of attempts to incite controversy against our talents by causing them to utter sensitive statements using the live stream chat.
In response to this, we have set up a list of terms unable to be mentioned at present to prevent this. Please understand that this response is not politically motivated and is intended to ensure the peaceful live streams by our talents.
Please understand that even if such statements were to be said by the talents, these are in no way politically or ideologically motivated.
📌ロボ子さん公式グッズ・ボイス情報📌
🌸『ボクのPCとお揃いステッカー』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2218490
⇒デスク周り紹介動画はこちら⇒https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDsQxVThqzY
🌸『初めての個人ボイス』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1181674
🌸『個人ボイス第二弾・ASMR別売り』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/1486067
🌸『2周年記念ボイス』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1893402
🌸『誕生日記念ボイス・ASMR別売り』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2090218
🌸『初めてのTシャツ』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1168204
🌸『Tシャツ全4種類』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2084020
◇サンプル
https://twitter.com/robocosan/status/1264140700381097985?s=20
https://twitter.com/robocosan/status/1264761501383946240?s=20
🌸『Tシャツ/グラス/タンブラー/マグカップ/スマホカバー/アクキー』
https://hololive.booth.pm/items/1168247
🌸【IMAGINATION vol.1】 https://rkmusic.jp/release/IMAGINATION_vol1.html
🌸【バーチャル開花最前線!/Fragment】http://anthurium.tokyo/atcv001/
海外からのご購入はこちら
Purchase from overseas is here
https://www.geekjack.net/robocosan/language/en
从海外购买就在这里
https://www.geekjack.net/robocosan/language/zh-TW
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・

as following'' or as follows 在 Roboco Ch. - ロボ子 Youtube 的最讚貼文
#RBC350K耐久SP #APEX #ホロライブ
34・35万人記念をまとめて耐久すぺしゃる!!
カジュアルでみんなとの通算ダメージで35万を目指すよ!
クロスプレイとPCのみで時間分けます!
#RBC350K耐久SP でツイート応援お願いします!!!
♦ルール♦
・基本は一人1戦!
※1戦できたらボクの負担を
減らすために自分でフレ消してください!
・RBCはVCつけてます!
視聴者さんの声はボク、配信には乗りません!
・暴言等はやめてください!
・誰でも楽しく参加していってね!
★特殊ルール★
・チャンピオンとったら総合ダメージ×10
・チャンピオン+RBCがダメージ1番多かったら総合ダメージ×35
・全員で計4000ダメージ取れたら総合ダメージ×3
※複数取れてしまった場合は1番大きい×で(×35>×10>×3)
★時間割目安★
12:00~15:00 PC
15:30~20:00 クロスプレイ
20:30~??? PC
時間割は目安です、配信中に募集たてます!
全員できるとは限らないのでご了承ください!
※クロスプレイの時にメンバーが全員PCだったらPC鯖にします
IDはRobocosamaaa です!誰でも参加してねっ
Tweet with #RBC350K耐久SP to show your support for Roboco's 350k damage done endurance stream
♦Rules♦
・1 match per person*
・Be friendly to each other.
・Everyone that follows these rules can join, so let's have fun together!
*Please remove me from your friends list after the match so others can join.
I'll be using in-game VC, but participant's mics won't be heard on stream.
★Special Rules★
・If total team damage is 4000 or more: Total damage x3
・If we get a champion: Total damage ×10
・If we get a champion + I have the highest damage: Total damage x35
※If we get multiple bonuses, highest multiplier will be used (×35>×10>×3)
★Estimated Schedule★
12:00~15:00 PC server
15:30~20:00 Crossplay
20:30~??? PC server
This schedule is only an approximation.
I'll accept friend requests during the stream too.
Keep in mind that everyone might not be able to participate.
※During crossplay, we'll use PC server if all the participants are using PC.
My ID=Robocosamaaa
Everyone can participate!!
ロゴ:9_ri
サムネ絵:のーさー
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
本ゲームは © 2020 Electronic Arts Inc. の
承諾を得た上で配信・収益化を行なっております
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
チャンネル登録や高評価で応援してね💕
★ロボ子さん
twitter : https://twitter.com/robocosan
youtube : https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDqI2jOz0weumE8s7paEk6g
ーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーーー
~コピペ用~
~For Copy paste use, please use the following stamps to join rooting me singing!~
🤖🔌充電中 ®〰© ®️❣️©️
⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡🔋⚡
📡🌸📡🌸📡🌸📡🌸
*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚
~ボクのメンバーになりませんか?~
9月からプランが2つに変更されました!
①ろぼさ~/月490
・チャット内でバッジ&カスタムスタンプ利用
・ASMR以外の限定配信視聴
・コミュ二ティでの画像配布
②高性能ろぼさ~/月1190
・ろぼさ~プラン
・ASMR限定配信視聴
みんなの加入お待ちしております💓
※①➡②へのアップデートの仕方
1.ロボ子さんのチャンネルのホーム画面へ行き、「メンバーシップ特典」の部分をタップする
2.「高性能ろぼさーへようこそ」のタブをタップすると、「レベルの変更」というボタンが表示されているはずなので、そのボタンをタップする
3.各自設定している支払い方法に合わせて支払い方法の登録等をする
4.登録等が終われば更新完了します
Iphoneができない民は一旦メンバーシップをストアからきって、
またPCから更新するといいって聞いています;;
As you know, Roboco's membership has 2 level now. So she asked if there's anyone who can't do the upgrade.
And for those who know the solutions, please share it here.
For iphone user who can't upgrade their membership, try ending your membership from apple store and reapply it again.
I haven't got any report from other users, but it should work for other platform as well.
★登録はコチラ→ https://t.co/hcjxHtMqOy?amp=1
★限定アーカイブリスト→ https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLF54qiUa9cTuOKngczTOAniEU0QbVge5h
★メンバー登録のやり方が分からない人向け↓
https://vandle.jp/hello/usage-youtube-member/
*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚*::;;;;::*゚
【所属会社からのお知らせ】
現在弊社タレントに対し、配信中のチャット等によりセンシティブな発言を誘発して、炎上を引き起こそうとする事象が散見されています。
これに対し、NGワードを設定して予防を行っておりますが、当該対応は政治的意図を含むものではなく、タレントの安全な配信を担保するためである旨ご理解ください。
上記のとおり、炎上を故意に誘発しようとするユーザーによるチャットやコメントによって、タレントが意図せずセンシティブな発言を行ってしまう可能性があります。
このような発言を行った場合にも、タレントには政治的・社会的意図は無いことを予めご理解ください。
Notices From COVER Corporation
We have been made aware of a number of attempts to incite controversy against our talents by causing them to utter sensitive statements using the live stream chat.
In response to this, we have set up a list of terms unable to be mentioned at present to prevent this. Please understand that this response is not politically motivated and is intended to ensure the peaceful live streams by our talents.
Please understand that even if such statements were to be said by the talents, these are in no way politically or ideologically motivated.
📌ロボ子さん公式グッズ・ボイス情報📌
🌸『ボクのPCとお揃いステッカー』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2218490
⇒デスク周り紹介動画はこちら⇒https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JDsQxVThqzY
🌸『初めての個人ボイス』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1181674
🌸『個人ボイス第二弾・ASMR別売り』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/1486067
🌸『2周年記念ボイス』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1893402
🌸『誕生日記念ボイス・ASMR別売り』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2090218
🌸『初めてのTシャツ』https://booth.pm/ja/items/1168204
🌸『Tシャツ全4種類』https://hololive.booth.pm/items/2084020
◇サンプル
https://twitter.com/robocosan/status/1264140700381097985?s=20
https://twitter.com/robocosan/status/1264761501383946240?s=20
🌸『Tシャツ/グラス/タンブラー/マグカップ/スマホカバー/アクキー』
https://hololive.booth.pm/items/1168247
🌸【IMAGINATION vol.1】 https://rkmusic.jp/release/IMAGINATION_vol1.html
🌸【バーチャル開花最前線!/Fragment】http://anthurium.tokyo/atcv001/
海外からのご購入はこちら
Purchase from overseas is here
https://www.geekjack.net/robocosan/language/en
从海外购买就在这里
https://www.geekjack.net/robocosan/language/zh-TW
・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・
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as following'' or as follows 在 LuNaCy HOLLOW Youtube 的最讚貼文
The Walking Dead: Season Two follows on the first game, and coincides with events of the comic, in which a zombie apocalypse has occurred, turning humans that are bitten or die turn into zombies, or "walkers"; the only way to stop this conversion is to damage the brain. The game is mostly set more than a year following its predecessor. While the game starts in Georgia, the setting moves to more northern locales as the survivors head towards Michigan, believing there is a large survivor camp there.
行尸走肉Part 1看起 播放清單:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1jmchIs_5g&list=PLW5eQM6a-bQm8ZWK16Yh5pQRu4TeaymW-
《行尸走肉:第二季》将继续讲述前作中女孩克莱芒蒂娜的故事,她要在丧尸攻陷的世界中生存下来,并且寻找出路。玩家扮演的这个普通女孩在游戏中的敌人不仅仅是丧尸,还有这个道德沦陷世界中的人类,你必须把控剧情走向,做出自己的选择。
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