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2021-09-07 11:22:19 有 171 人按讚

รู้หรือไม่ ?! นอกจากอาชีพสถาปนิกที่รับออกแบบบ้าน หรือออกสถาปัตยกรรมเจ๋ง ๆ แล้วนั้น 🏡 มันยังมีอีกหนึ่งสถาปนิกที่เรียกกันว่า...สถาปนิกข้อมูลด้วยนะ !!
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และวันนี้แอดจะพาเพื่อน ๆ ไปรู้จักอีกหนึ่งอาชีพของสาย IT ที่เขาเรียกกันว่า “Data Architect” หรือ สถาปนิกข้อมูล 🗂️ อาชีพนี้คืออะไร เขาทำอะไรกันบ้าง มาไขคำตอบกันในโพสต์นี้เลยจ้า ~
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✨ Data Architect คืออิหยัง ?
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Data Architect หรือ สถาปนิกข้อมูล เป็นอาชีพที่มีความเชี่ยวชาญด้านเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ ต้องวางแผน ออกแบบ และใช้วิธีต่าง ๆ เพื่อจัดการกับข้อมูล ประสานงานกับแหล่งข้อมูลต่าง ๆ ภายในองค์กร และผสานเทคโนโลยีใหม่ ๆ กับโครงสร้างข้อมูลเดิมที่มีอยู่
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โดยส่วนใหญ่แล้วจะทำงานร่วมกับ Data Engineers, Data Analysts, และ Data Scientists นั่นเอง
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⚙️ มีหน้าที่อะไรบ้างนะ ?
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จะทำงานกับข้อมูลโดยตรง โดยจะดูแลใน 3 ส่วนหลัก ได้แก่ การจัดการข้อมูล การโยกย้ายข้อมูล และการกำกับดูแลข้อมูล ซึ่งจะต้องอาศัยความรู้ด้านระบบเทคโนโลยีขั้นสูง และมีความรู้ด้านการจัดการฐานข้อมูล ระบบเครือข่าย และการใช้งานเครื่องมือวิเคราะห์ข้อมูล โดยจะมีหน้าที่ดังนี้
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🔹 แปลงข้อมูลทางธุรกิจเป็นข้อมูลทางเทคนิค รวมไปถึงจัดการข้อมูลทางธุรกิจ อย่างเช่น บูรณาการข้อมูลใน Database และ Data Warehouses
🔹 สร้างมาตรฐาน สร้างแบบจำลอง รวมไปถึงการรักษาความปลอดภัยให้กับข้อมูล
🔹 ปรับปรุงระบบการจัดเก็บข้อมูล
🔹 กำหนด Data Flows เพื่อวางแผนสำหรับการใช้ข้อมูลในองค์กรของแต่ละแผนก
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🌟 อยากทำอาชีพนี้ ต้องมีทักษะอะไรบ้าง ?
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มาดู 5 สกิลพื้นฐาน สำหรับคนที่อยากทำอาชีพนี้ ได้แก่
🔸 General Skills - อันนี้เป็นทักษะทั่วไปของคนทำงานเลย อย่างเช่น การสื่อสาร การทำงานเป็นทีม เป็นต้น
🔸 Business Skills - ต้องมีความรู้ทางธุรกิจเบื้องต้น เช่น การวางแผนเชิงกลยุทธ์ กระบวนการทางธรุกิจ เป็นต้น
🔸 Enterprise Architecture - มีทักษะในการวางแผนและสร้างสถาปัตยกรรมในการจัดการข้อมูล เพื่อใช้สร้างแบบจำลอง ออกแบบระบบการจัดเก็บข้อมูล เป็นต้น
🔸 Technical IT - มีความรู้ด้านเทคโนโลยี เช่น การจัดการข้อมูล การใช้งานฐานข้อมูล ความปลอดภัย การแลกเปลี่ยนข้อมูล เพื่อนำความรู้ทั้งหมดมาจัดการกับข้อมูลนั่นเอง
🔸 Legal Environment - มีความรู้พื้นฐานด้านกฎหมาย เช่น กฎหมายด้านความปลอดภัยของข้อมูล กฎหมายคุ้มครองข้อมูล และการฉ้อโกง เป็นต้น
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ซึ่งสกิลที่กล่าวถึงทั้งหมดนี้ ก็ขึ้นอยู่กับบริษัท และระบบของบริษัทนั้น ๆ ด้วยนะ แนะนำว่าก่อนสมัครงานนี้อย่าลืมอ่าน Job Description ให้ดีด้วยล่ะ 😊
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โดยงานในตำแหน่งนี้ก็มีอยู่ในหลากหลายธุรกิจ เช่น ธุรกิจด้านการเงิน ธุรกิจเกี่ยวกับสุขภาพ ธุรกิจเทคโนโลยี โดยส่วนใหญ่แล้วจะต้องจบปริญญาตรีในคณะวิศวกรรมซอฟต์แวร์ เทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ วิศวกรรมคอมพิวเตอร์ หรือคณะอื่น ๆ ที่เกี่ยวข้อง
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สำหรับเพื่อน ๆ ที่อยากทำอาชีพนี้ เขามีสอบใบเซอร์ด้วยนะ แต่อาจจะไม่ใช่ใบเซอร์ของ Data Architect โดยตรง แต่สามารถทดแทนกันได้ มีดังนี้
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📑 Certified Data Management Professional (CDMP)
อ่านเพิ่มเติม : https://damadach.org/certified-data-management-professional-cdmp-certification-program/
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📑 Arcitura Certified Big Data Architect
อ่านเพิ่มเติม : https://www.arcitura.com/big-data-school/certifications/certified-big-data-architect/
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📑 IBM Certified Data Architect – Big Data
อ่านเพิ่มเติม : https://www.ibm.com/certify/cert.html?id=50001701
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📑 TOGAF 9 Certification Program
อ่านเพิ่มเติม : https://www.opengroup.org/certifications/togaf
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ส่วนในไทยก็มีหลาย ๆ บริษัทใหญ่ ที่เปิดรับพนักงานในตำแหน่งนี้ โดยส่วนใหญ่แล้วจะเน้นคนที่มีประสบการณ์ในด้าน Data Engineer หรือ Big Data มาก่อน ซึ่งจะมีค่าตัวที่สูงมากอีกด้วยนะ 💵
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และในวันนี้เราก็ได้รู้จักกับอาชีพ Data Architect พอหอมปากหอมคอกันไปละ ไว้คราวหน้าแอดจะพาเพื่อน ๆ ไปรู้จักกับอาชีพอะไรกันอีก รอติดตามกันได้เลยจ้า ~ 😁
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ส่วนใครอยากอ่านข้อมูลเพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับอาชีพนี้ สามารถเข้าไปอ่านกันได้ในลิงค์เลย 👇
🖥️ Link : https://www.cio.com/article/3586138/what-is-a-data-architect-its-data-framework-visionary.html , https://www.udacity.com/course/data-architect-nanodegree--nd038
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borntoDev - 🦖 สร้างการเรียนรู้ที่ดีสำหรับสายไอทีในทุกวัน
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BorntoDev (www.BorntoDev.com) เว็บไซต์ที่เกี่ยวกับการสอนการพัฒนาโปรแกรมหรือผลงานทางด้านคอมพิวเตอร์ จัดทำขึ้นเมื่อ 27 ตุลาคม 2556 โดยมีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อต้องการให้ผู้ที่สนใจพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ แอปพลิเคชั่น หรือ ผลงานทางด้านคอมพิวเตอร์ได้มีแหล่งในการเรียนรู้ที่ง่าย และ สนุก ไม่เน้นทฤษฏีจนทำให้ท้อหรือถอดใจไปก่อนจัดทำขึ้นโดยกลุ่มคนที่ต้องการจะเห็นความเปลี่ยนแปลงทางด้านเทคโนโลยี และ มีความหวังว่าจะมีนักพัฒนารุ่นใหม่ของไทยที่มีผลงานที่ยิ่งใหญ่ขึ้นมาได้ โดยจะใช้หลักการ “เน้นสนุก สอนเข้าใจ ทำได้จริง” สามารถเข้ามาเรียนรู้การพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์ได้ตั้งแต่ระดับมัธยมศึกษาจนถึงนักศึกษาในมหาวิทยาลัย และ บุคคลทั่วไปที่สนใจในการพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์และเทคโนโลยีคอมพิวเตอร์ ซึ่งในปัจจุบันนี้ถือว่ามีความสำคัญกับทุกสาขาอาชีพ และ เข้ามาเกี่ยวข้องกับทุกๆอย่างในชีวิตของเรา

ความสำเร็จของเรา คือ "การที่ได้เห็นคนไทยหันมาพัฒนาซอฟต์แวร์เพื่อโลก ที่ดีขึ้น"

what is big data 在元毓 Facebook 的最讚貼文

By 元毓

2021-07-25 23:00:41 有 358 人按讚

【停滯型通膨即將來臨嗎？】

我認為我們即將在一兩年內經歷全球大部分地區的停滯型通膨（stagflation）。我認為投資的方向也會因此微調。

1. 濫發通貨的後果比我們想像中嚴重

我在《後疫情時代中國面對的經濟環境》一文中預測的通貨膨脹現象，已經從資本市場、房地產市場逐漸拓展到美國一般消費市場。

從媒體報導或社群網站上的照片記錄看來，普遍性的消費商品價格上漲已然發生。（見圖）

如同諾貝爾經濟學獎得主F. A. Hayek曾以蜂蜜形容貨幣的流動，在注入貨幣的過程，會造成某部分價格上漲，然後才慢慢拓展出去。而以當今Fed的貨幣干預手段，我們可以看到美國國債利率的下跌與股票、衍生性金融商品市場的價格上漲為常見的起點。而最後，亦如另一位諾貝爾獎得主M. Friedman所言：「通貨膨脹始終是貨幣現象」。

我相信讀者也在許多財經媒體上看到有關通貨膨脹的警告或討論了。

經濟學家Joseph Carson指出，美國在1970年代的CPI統計是包含房地產價格，因此1979年CPI成長11.3％中有相當比例是因為當年房地產價格激增。但現今的統計卻排除了房地產價格。而新冠疫情之後美國房地產價格因濫印貨幣而飆漲，故即便美國官方公佈的過去12個月CPI增長5.4%，但如果採取1970年代的標準計入房地產價格因素，則實際CPI漲幅應該是兩位數！

這也表示，Fed聲稱通貨膨脹只是暫時且不嚴重的論點，很可能是基於刻意被低估的統計方法。另一個值得一提的，是Fed自疫情封城後每個月都買入$400億美元房貸為基礎的金融證券（mortgage-backed securities），但我們也都清楚2008年美國金融危機的一大肇因就是美國聯邦政府轄下兩個專門替房貸信用擔保的房利美、房地美機構（Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac），其相當於政府干預市場的行為扭曲並蒙蔽了市場對真實風險的判斷。

更值得警醒的是如顧問公司MBS Highway指出美國Fed實質買入的房貸基礎證券金額恐怕高達$1000億美元每月，硬生生人為壓低房貸利率0.25~0.35%。

綜合來看，Fed刻意濫發通貨不但眾所周知，很可能實際規模超越我們理解。而美國政府的CPI統計卻因排除房地產與股票等資產，無法正確地理解真實通膨現狀。

2. 政府引發通膨並非萬靈丹 -- 菲利普曲線早已失效

美國上班族實質週薪相較去年同期收入下降了1.7%，製造業員工更是下降了2.2%。

然而根據總體經濟學的菲利普曲線與相關理論認為，通貨膨脹引發的實質薪資下降理論上應該可以提高就業。可事實上我們看到的是五月份高達900萬份職位仍空懸找不到勞工。根據華爾街日報報導，六月份失業率5.9%竟仍高於新冠疫情前的3.5%。

為何如此？早幾年我已經多次撰文談過，菲利普曲線只是基於紐西蘭某一小短時期的統計數字，從經濟理論上就存在內在矛盾與瑕疵，根本不是個普遍可適用的通論，頂多算是個「特例」。因此我們常看到經濟學家質疑此曲線失效實屬正常。

從制度經濟學角度觀察，貨幣政策的確可以引發通貨膨脹造成實質薪資下降，但工作機會與適任員工二者的媒合本身並非不存在交易費用，這意味著並非實質薪資下降馬上需求曲線丟進來，交易量（即就業人數）立即增大。

美國Fed的達拉斯分行4月份報告就指出：30.9％因疫情失業的勞工並未重新回到他們原本的舊工作，此數字還高過去年7月的19.8％。

根據美國人力網站ZipRecruiter近日研究發現幾個目前美國就業市場現象：

a. 本來在娛樂或餐飲旅館行業的就業人士，被疫情的強迫停業嚇怕了，高達70%欲轉行，但多數卻因為行業專業不同難以順利轉換跑道。

b. 過去幾個月來新開出的職缺與失業人數竟然同步上升。

c. 因為疫情許多人跑去城市郊區甚至鄉村避難，結果開出職缺的區域與求職者所在區域出現明顯分離。

d. 同樣因為疫情封城管制造成的後果，紐約市區星巴克的今年五月來店人數相較兩年前同期下降65%，工作機會也隨之發生改變。

e. 每週$400美元的失業補助讓許多失業者不急於找工作。溫蒂漢堡、必勝客、Applebee's、Taco Bell等知名連鎖餐廳提供額外的獎金補貼也依然找不到員工。

而這一些因交易費用增加產生的就業市場成交量下降，從制度經濟學角度來看難以依靠貨幣政策改善，而是必須透過放寬就業市場法規來協助降低交易費用。可是我們看到卻是迷信政府管制的新一任Biden政府。

3. Biden總統的行政命令

今年7月初美國總統Biden簽署了一系列行政命令，新增了橫跨農業、健康產業、物流、交通、科技產業、勞工...等各種管制，聲稱可以透過政府干預帶來產業競爭狀態的改善與消費者/勞工權益。

我們可以從Biden總統的發言看到他對基礎經濟學概念的嚴重無知與缺乏：“Capitalism without competition isn’t capitalism. It’s exploitation,” ... “Without healthy competition, big players can change and charge whatever they want, and treat you however they want. And for too many Americans that means accepting a bad deal for things that you can’t go without.”

經濟學認為競爭無處不在，而不同的侷限條件會導致競爭的態樣改變。某些侷限條件下的競爭會有較高的租值消散，某些則較少。純粹市價競爭的自由市場是理論上完全無租值消散的一種競爭態樣。

因此，政府管制往往帶來的只是更多租值消散與尋租空間。誠如雷根總統說過：「政府本身就是問題，而不是解答。」

所以我們不難發現試圖以更多管制措施、更多政府干預來「使市場健康競爭」的Biden政府，必然是一場徒勞無功且弊病叢生的白工。只是所增加的交易費用，依然是由美國人民來承擔，這對通貨膨脹烏雲蓋頂的底層百姓而言，恐怕雪上加霜。

還記得中美貿易戰多篇文章我均指出，從正確的經濟學邏輯角度來看，時任Trump政府對中國的各種關稅或非關稅貿易壁壘，最終的成本承擔者只會是美國消費者。

我們看到前任Fed主席，現任美國財政部部長Janet L. Yellen也於7月中旬接受紐約時報採訪時鬆口承認Trump時代對中國的關稅障礙結果是在傷害美國消費者。（"Tariffs are taxes on consumers. In some cases it seems to me what we did hurt American consumers, ..."）

這樣的錯誤，美國政府百年來犯了無數次。例如我們曾談過Milton Friedman 與George Stigler 兩位諾貝爾經濟學獎得主共同撰寫的知名論文「Roofs or Ceilings? The Current Housing Problem」以1906年甫大地震後225,000人無家可歸的舊金山市為研究對象，發現當時無力管制的市政府放任市場自由定價，結果是多數人很快找到新家，即便是十分貧窮者，也有與之對應的廉價房屋提供（1906 advertisement “Six-room house and bath, with 2 additional rooms in basement having fire-places, nicely furnished; fine piano; … $45."）

但到了1946年，舊金山因人口增長而推出租金管制，明明房屋短缺嚴重性遠不如1906年大地震後的慘狀，但卻發生多數人租不到房子的窘境！

根據二位經濟學大神研究，1906年每一個想租屋的人，大約有10間房子供選擇；但租金管制後的1946年，每375個求租客對應10間房子供給。

更嚴重的實例還有1970年代石油危機期間，美國政府出台的各種價格與非價格管制干預措施的結果，反而更抬高國內石化產品價格，加劇石化產品短缺現象，不但各地加油站大排長龍，不少妙齡女子以身體為代價與加油站老闆員工上床以取得汽油的新聞不絕於耳。

因此我推斷，美國如不放寬對中國的制裁，只會加重自身通膨惡果，同時惡化真實失業狀況。

一方面，管制會加重人民負擔提高交易費用這點已經敘明不再重複；另一方面，中國是美國過去二十年瘋狂印鈔卻未引發嚴重通貨膨脹現象的最大助力。

這點不僅我這樣看，如經濟學名家張五常教授、前任美國聯準會主席Alan Greenspan於2005年美國國會聽證會發言，乃至於經濟學人雜誌2004年10月份的特別報告「Unnaturally low -- China is helping to keep down global interest rates」也做如是想，且不說還有許多經濟學家也持一樣的觀點。

誠如Greenspan於前述聽證會上發言指出，對中國貿易制裁結果必然導致美國民生物價上漲與人民生活品質受損，但卻無任何經濟學理與客觀證據支撐政客謬論 -- 制裁中國並無法改善美國就業率。

可即便Greenspan早在2005年國會上已言者諄諄，顯然後來十幾年美國政客們是聽者藐藐。因為政客利益往往不等同於人民利益，這是民主國家最大的侷限條件。

回過頭看，Biden政府上台以來，不但沒有放寬Trump時代對中國的諸多基於污衊指控而實施的貿易制裁，甚至有變本加厲的態勢。但如此舉措對美國自身其實極為不利。行文至此我們已經可以確定實質經濟成長停滯與通貨膨脹雙擊的「停滯性通膨」將來臨。

4. 歐美國家與日本普遍高負債結果只能以提高稅率或利率為結果。

所謂的「現代貨幣理論（MMT）」根本是一套無視成本的胡扯，違背了「凡有選擇必有代價」的經濟學最基礎侷限。各國瘋狂印鈔當然最後會出現通貨膨脹，不負責任的政府只能以提高稅率或提高利率為代價。

只是每個國家面對的侷限條件不同，使得代價發生的時程或「閥值」有所不同。

通貨膨脹現象說到底是個「貨幣增長率對上經濟成長率」的過程 -- 當貨幣增長率追不上實質經濟成長率，通貨收縮會發生；當貨幣增長率超過實質經濟成長率，則通貨膨脹會發生。注意，我這裡指的「實質經濟成長率」是「真實」的經濟成長，而不是GDP、凱因斯經濟學那套錯誤的觀念。這部分我以前就為文批評過，有興趣的讀者請自行查找。

故，同樣因應新冠疫情而寬鬆貨幣的俄羅斯，其面對的國際經貿環境不比美國日本，自然很快就承受不住通膨壓力於近日宣布一口氣調升利率100個基點至6.5%。（見圖）

美國聯邦政府2021年政府負債$28.5兆美元，是GDP的128.31%。僅利息支出達$4025億美元，佔年度預算5.3%，佔聯邦稅金收入9.8%。如果美國無法成功抑制通貨膨脹，則隨之而來的利率飆升將造成美國財政風險。畢竟市場利率始終是由「無風險利率+風險貼水+預期通貨膨脹率」組成。

我們可以注意到1980年代初期，美國國債淨利息支出增加的時期，其相對應的10年國債利率也大幅攀升。

同樣地，在高通膨率的1980年代初期（藍線），市場利率也曾一度飆升至近20%（黑色虛線）。（見圖）

再看看目前世界主要經濟體的債務狀況（見圖）

新冠疫情之後，世界主要國家的債務風險只增不減。

英國經濟學家，前英格蘭銀行與英國貨幣政策顧問Charles Goodhart警告：「中國帶給全世界的經濟紅利若因其人口結構老化而逐漸消失，則世界必將面對通貨膨脹衝擊。」（"...as aging populations in China and other nations spend more of their savings, average interest rates will rise higher than governments have bargained for...China’s greatest contribution to global growth is now past. This great demographic reversal will lead to a return of inflation.”）

通膨來襲加上實質生產力成長受損的停滯性通膨夾擊下，歐洲與日本等主要經濟體不得不面對更棘手的債務危機。這些國家未來政治與社會的動盪將會是常見的現象。

美元20多年來快速通貨成長下而無明顯國內通膨的一個重要因素，在於其做為世界最主要國際貿易交易結算貨幣的角色，使得世界整體經濟成長大於等於美元通貨成長時，通膨率不易上升。就如Greenspan 2005年在美國國會作證所闡釋，中國作為1990年代以來美國成長最快且體量非常大的貿易夥伴，中國對美元的需求本身就保證了美元的購買力，同時物美價廉的中國製造產品也大幅壓低了美國國內物價增長率。

上個世代扮演此角色的是日本，因此我們也看到日本與中國分別是目前美國國債最大持有國。（Foreign governments owned US$7.053 trillion of US debt in November, including China's US$1.063 trillion, and Japan's US$1.260 trillion, US Treasury data showed. ）

然後在此次疫情重創且血虧的奧運會之後，其逐漸衰退的整體生產力與相當惡化的債務狀況，我懷疑日本還有多少殘存力量支撐美元。

因此我們不難理解為何美國新任Biden政府上台後汲汲營營地尋求與中國高層會面。

結論

人民幣國際化的推進與中美經貿脫鉤二者都會帶來美元實質購買力的衰退與美國通膨惡化。因此美國政府如要避免財政危機，必須做到二件事：a. 解除貿易壁壘，尤其是針對中國的貿易制裁；b. 確保中國繼續願意大額購買美國債券以及使用美元為主要國際貿易結算貨幣。

中國數字人民幣推展與歐洲也開始積極發展數字貨幣的背後，都是直接對美元在國際貿易、金融體系的競爭。一帶一路若越成功也越能協助人民幣國際化。

這些都是美國非常不樂見。因此我們可以看到美國不斷在造謠污衊中國的一帶一路與科技後門監聽等事項，就算明明被抓包踢爆監聽全世界的是美國自己。

然而如同我多次解釋過，美式民主制度下政客的利益與人民利益往往不一致。當鼓動對中仇視有利於競選時，美國政客很難選擇與中國和平、更深度交流的道路；當增加更多政府管制干預與有利於尋租時，政客也是毫不猶豫地如此選擇。所以我們會在未來相當長時間看到精神分裂的美國 -- 又不希望中國在世界經濟影響力增加而欲打壓，但自己又不能真的因打壓中國與之脫鉤。

這種人格分裂狀態恐怕未來十幾年都會是美國政壇主旋律。

因此站在投資人的角度，我選擇把財產壓在美國利率終將上漲這一大方向上。

文章連結：
https://tinyurl.com/58hauwkf

參考資料：

WSJ, "How Much Are Prices Up? Here’s One Family’s Day-to-Day Expenses." July 9, 2021

WSJ, "Job Openings Are at Record Highs. Why Aren’t Unemployed Americans Filling Them?" July 9, 2021

WSJ, "Governments World-Wide Gorge on Record Debt, Testing New Limits" July 12, 2021

范一飞, "关于数字人民币M0定位的政策含义分析" 2020年09月15日

元毓, "宏觀經濟學的尷尬—菲利普曲線死了嗎？" May 8, 2018

NYT, "Yellen Says China Trade Deal Has ‘Hurt American Consumers’" July 16, 2021

WSJ, "Biden Targets Big Business in Sweeping Executive Order to Spur Competition" July 9, 2021

WSJ, "The 2021 Olympics Are Turning Into a $20 Billion Bust for Japan" July 20, 2021

Bank for International Settlement, "CBDCs: an opportunity for the monetary system" BIS Annual Economic Report | 23 June 2021

Barron's, "The Housing Market Is on Fire. The Fed Is Stoking the Flames." July 23, 2021

Barron's, "Disco Inferno: The U.S. Could Be Headed Back to ’70s-Style Stagflation" July 16, 2021

Reuters, "Russia raises key rate to 6.5% in sharpest move since 2014" July 23, 2021

Milton Friedman & George Stigler, "Roofs or Ceilings? The Current Housing Problem" September 1946

Alan Greenspan, "FRB: Testimony" June 23, 2005

The Economist, "Unnaturally low -- China is helping to keep down global interest rates" Oct 2nd 2004

Tags: what is big data

元毓

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元毓說粉絲頁美國法學碩士，智財權、競爭法與法律經濟分析專業。分享20年投資經驗所得之經濟學體悟。

what is big data 在 BorntoDev Facebook 的最佳解答

By BorntoDev

2021-06-25 15:00:09 有 129 人按讚

👋 สวัสดีจ้าาา วันนี้แอดจะพาเพื่อน ๆ มาทำความรู้จักกับ Data Lakes กันน !! มันคืออะไร สำคัญยังไง มาหาคำตอบไปพร้อม ๆ กันเลยจ้าาา
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📑 Data Lakes - เป็นศูนย์รวมการเก็บข้อมูลจากทุก ๆ แหล่ง สามารถเก็บข้อมูลแบบ Structured หรือ Unstructured ก็ได้ ไม่ต้องเปลี่ยนแปลงข้อมูลก่อนการจัดเก็บ และสามารถดึงข้อมูลมาใช้ได้อย่างรวดเร็ว โดยข้อมูลเหล่านี้จะนำมาใช้ในการวิเคราะห์, สร้าง Dashboard, รวมไปถึงการประมวลผล Big Data และ Machine Learning
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🌈 Data Lakes พัฒนาเพื่อลบข้อจำกัดของ Data Warehouse แม้ว่า Data Warehouse จะช่วยให้ธุรกิจมีการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลที่มีประสิทธิภาพสูง แต่มันก็ยังมีข้อจำกัดในเรื่องของราคาและเรื่องการปรับขนาด ซึ่งมันจะทำให้เสีย Cost ตรงนี้มากขึ้น ซึ่งเจ้า Data Lakes เป็นสถาปัตยกรรมที่ทันสมัยกว่า เก็บข้อมูลไว้ที่ศูนย์กลาง โดยไม่ต้องกำหนดโครงสร้างของข้อมูล รองรับข้อมูลได้หลากหลาย มีความสามารถในการปรับขนาดได้ มีความทนทานสูง และต้นทุนต่ำกว่า เหมาะกับการนำไปทำ Machine Learning มากกว่า
.
✨ ประโยชน์
- สามารถจัดเก็บข้อมูลแบบไม่มี Schema ได้ เมื่อข้อมูลถูกอ่านระหว่างการประมวลผลจะถูกปรับให้เป็นข้อมูลที่มี Schema ตามที่จำเป็น ซึ่งมันจะช่วยประหยัดเวลาไปเยอะเลยนั่นเอง
- สามารถเข้าถึงข้อมูล จัดเตรียม และวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลได้รวดเร็ว
- มีความยืดหยุ่นสูง และต้นทุนต่ำ
.
💡 มันสำคัญยังไงกันนะ ?
องค์กรที่มีการทำ Data Lakes ทำให้มีการวิเคราะห์ข้อมูลประเภทใหม่ และสามารถเข้าถึงแหล่งข้อมูลใหม่ ๆ มากขึ้น ซึ่งจะช่วยให้เพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการตัดสินใจทางธุรกิจ ดึงดูดลูกค้า และมีโอกาสเติบโตมากกว่านั่นเอง (อ้างอิงจากผลสำรวจ Aberdeen)
.
💥 อ่านเพิ่มเติมได้ที่ : https://aws.amazon.com/th/big-data/datalakes-and-analytics/what-is-a-data-lake/ ,
https://databricks.com/discover/data-lakes/introduction , https://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data-lake/ ,
https://s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/mktg-apac/Big+Data+Refresh+Q4+Campaign/Aberdeen+Research+-+Angling+for+Insights+in+Today's+Data+Lake.pdf
.
หากใครชอบเนื้อหานี้ ฝากกดไลค์กดแชร์เป็นกำลังใจให้แอดด้วยน้าาาา 😍
.
borntoDev - 🦖 สร้างการเรียนรู้ที่ดีสำหรับสายไอทีในทุกวัน

Tags: what is big data

BorntoDev

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what is big data 在 Untyped 對啊我是工程師 Youtube 的最佳解答

By Untyped 對啊我是工程師

2020-04-30 21:00:14 有 45,931 人看過有 1,207 人喜歡

Coding vs Programming 軟體工程師在編碼 or 編程? | 5 Differences between Coding and Programming【電腦說人話】
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軟體工程師到底在幹嘛？內行外行怎麼說？
Coding? Programming? 程式設計？編碼編程？想到電腦科學就會想到這些詞，但是它們到底是什麼意思？差別又在哪呢？

讓凱心琳告訴你這兩個詞的5大層面的差別！
(Tools 使用工具, Expertise 專業知識, Approach 方法途徑, Outcome 成果產出, Learning 學習過程)

在這個人手好幾台電腦的時代，實在是有好多電腦的詞聽不懂。Cookie 不再是好吃的餅乾，Class不再是學生上的課，Bug 因為非常不一樣的原因而令人討厭。Coding, Programming 兩個詞表面上好像一樣，但是實際上卻截然不同。好多詞不懂～沒關係！讓 Untyped 為你解惑！

【電腦說人話】這個系列是希望透過口語化的方式，透過生活中的例子去介紹一些看似艱澀像外星語但實際上卻不難懂的電腦科學專有名詞。希望能讓曾經對這些詞彙充滿畏懼與疑惑的妳，能夠不再害怕，勇敢學習Computer Science！

【㊫電腦科學/軟體工程學習資源 📖】
全端工程師密技 Full Stack Eng - Career Path (Codecademy)
https://bit.ly/3niTwLN
前端工程師密技 Front End Eng - Career Path (Codecademy)
https://bit.ly/32K1eql
用Scala學習函式程式設計
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Scala 函数式程式設計原理
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平行程式設計
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Android 應用程式開發專項課程
https://bit.ly/3lGCUwW
普林斯頓大學電腦科學演算法基礎理論
https://bit.ly/3nxomAh
Go 語言學起來
https://bit.ly/35AWhlv
Parallel, Concurrent, and Distributed Programming in Java 專項課程
https://bit.ly/2IGnlH4
Java 軟體工程基礎課程
https://bit.ly/3fa4gJi
全端開發跨平台手機app 開發完整課程
https://bit.ly/2UCGWum

#程式設計 #Programming #電腦說人話
一定要看到影片最後面並且在「YouTube影片下方」按讚留言訂閱分享唷！
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歡迎留言告訴我你的想法，或是你想認識的程式語言唷！
每（隔週）週四晚上9點更新，請記得開啟YouTube🔔通知！
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【相關連結】
Coding vs Programming
[https://www.codementor.io/@edwardbailey/coding-vs-programming-what-s-the-difference-yr0aeug9o]
[https://www.educba.com/coding-vs-programming/]
[https://www.goodcore.co.uk/blog/coding-vs-programming/]

【愛屋及烏】
Facebook 臉書粉專 👉 [https://www.facebook.com/untyped/]
Instagram 👉 [[https://www.instagram.com/untypedcoding/]
合作邀約 👉 untypedcoding@gmail.com
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Untyped 對啊我是工程師 - There are so many data types in the world of computer science, so are the people who write the code. We aim to UNTYPE the stereotype of engineers and of how coding is only for a certain type of people.
凱心琳: 一個喜歡電腦科學邏輯推理，在科技圈努力為性別平等奮鬥的女工程師。
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This video contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, I'll receive a small commission.
圖片影片音效：[giphy.com] [pngwave.com][freesound.org][soundbible.org]

【Disclaimer 聲明】
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程式設計 Programming 電腦說人話

Untyped 對啊我是工程師

About author

Untyped - There are so many data types in the world of computer science, so are the people who write the code. We aim to UNTYPE the stereotype of engineers and of how coding is only for a certain type of people. 歡迎來到對啊我是工程師，我是凱心琳。一個喜歡電腦科學邏輯推理，在科技圈努力為性別平等奮鬥的工程師。

what is big data 在 Vivi Lin Youtube 的精選貼文

By Vivi Lin

2020-04-21 19:33:06 有 34,064 人看過有 3,017 人喜歡

This is a message that I would like to share with the world.
A message from Taiwan.

Hi there, this is Vivi from Taiwan.
There’s something that I would like to share with you.

With more than 1.7 million confirmed cases and 100 thousand deaths around the world, the COVID19 pandemic outbreak has become the most challenging global health crisis of our time. This is an unprecedented time that has affected the lives of everyone in our global community, regardless of race, gender, culture, or skin colour.

At this defining moment in history, cooperation will bring upon the relief and clarity needed to triumph over a common threat facing humankind. In this fight, I, as a citizen of this global community, believe health is a fundamental human right that is inherent to all human beings. ‘Health For All, Leave No One Behind’ is a guiding principle of all health professionals, as well as a message that has resonated with us Taiwanese people through the toughest of times. In 2003, the SARS outbreak devastated my home country. Left isolated and marginalised by the WHO in the fight against SARS, we learned, through fearful uncertainty, how to tenaciously combat pandemics. But most importantly, the people of Taiwan experienced firsthand what it felt like to be left behind. Taiwan, despite just being miles off the coast of China, has effectively managed the spread of coronavirus in our country. And it is the belief that we should ‘leave no one behind’ that motivates us to play our role in the global community.

Taiwan can help, and Taiwan is helping.

In the past few weeks, the Taiwanese government has donated more than 10 million surgical masks to the United States, Europe, Southeast Asia, India, Central America and South America. Other medical supplies are also finding their way to all continents around the globe. Since the very first days of the outbreak, the Taiwanese government has devoted itself to fighting this pandemic. Through information transparency, quick response, early deployment and the effective use of big data, the functions of our society continue without interruption. To share our knowledge on COVID-19 with the world, we created virtual forums, participated by numerous countries, of our successful and internationally recognised public health policies. Our government and research centres have also teamed up with the Czech Republic, European Union and the United States in sharing tactics and technology and collaborating on the development of vaccines and rapid test kits. Finally, we have worked with different governments in analysing the economic, social and psychological impact of the epidemic and related isolation measures.

Taiwan cares, and Taiwan helps.

This virus can tear up the world, but it will not shake the foundations of humanity’s values. For a worldwide pandemic that does not discriminate based on borders and nationalities, it is crucial that we, in times of a crisis like this, stay stronger together.

Taiwan never forgets her friends from around the world.
We are part of this global team and we are in solidarity with the rest of the world.
Taiwan stands with you.

這是一個我想要傳遞給世界的訊息。
一則，來自臺灣的訊息。

嗨，今天過得好嗎？
我是來自臺灣的Vivi。讓我跟你分享一件事，好嗎？

COVID19爆發至今，已在全球造成超過一百七十萬人確診、十萬人犧牲。這次的疫情，是這個世代面臨最大的全球衛生危機。這是一場影響了全人類，不論種族、性別、文化、與膚色，我們都必須共同面對的，前所未有的挑戰。

在這個歷史性的浪尖上，並肩合作、共同抗疫，才能夠引領我們贏得這場對抗病毒的戰役。身為全球公民的一員，我始終相信「健康，是每一個人都享有的基本人權」。而「全民均健」，不只是每一個醫衛人員所堅守的價值，更是在這樣艱難的時刻中，臺灣人民付諸實行的信念。在2003年時，我們經歷了SARS的考驗，並學會了如何在前方情形未知、還被WHO排除在外的情況下，仍舊堅韌地戰勝傳染病。但最重要的是，臺灣人比誰都了解孤軍奮戰的心情。而在這次的疫情當中，臺灣即便緊鄰中國，依然有效地阻擋了疫情擴散。同時也正是「全民均健，不可遺落任何一個人」的信念，引領臺灣始終積極地在國際社會中，貢獻一己之力。

臺灣可以幫忙，我們也正在全力幫忙。

在過去幾週內，臺灣捐贈了超過一千萬個醫療口罩至美國、歐洲、東南亞、印度及中南美洲。同時，也有許多捐贈給各大洲的防疫醫療器材，正在運送與安排當中。自從疫情爆發的第一天起，我們的政府就全體動員，合力對抗傳染病。經由公開透明的疫情資訊、超前部署、快速溝通與反應、以及大數據運用等防疫策略，臺灣社會才得以繼續維持日常生活不受影響。而我們也開始舉辦線上會議，與許多國家分享我們的防疫經驗——臺灣的防疫成果，是國際有目共睹的。我們的政府與醫衛研究機構，也跟捷克、歐盟、美國合作，不僅分享防疫策略、技術，也開始共同研發疫苗與快篩。近期，我們也跟他國政府共同合作，研究此次疫情所帶來在經濟、社會與心理健康上的影響。

臺灣因為在乎，所以我們實際幫忙。

病毒或許可以分裂這個世界，但沒辦法撼動人類最根深蒂固堅守的價值。面對著這個跨越邊界、國籍的傳染病危機，這個世界必須攜手合作，共同強大。

臺灣從來沒有忘記我們全球的友邦與朋友。
我們是這個世界的一份子，也會持續跟全世界站在一起，抵禦病毒。
臺灣與你並肩。

#COVID19 #TWStandsWithU #TaiwanCanHelp #TaiwanIsHelping

—
影片製作 Video/ Vivi Lin
內容撰寫 Script/ Vivi Lin, Roy Cheng
相片版權 PC/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Taiwan)
（照片翻攝至外交部、Taiwan in the Netherlands、Taiwan in EU and Belgium、Taiwan in Holy See、Taiwan in Poland、AIT Facebook & Twitter，如有侵權敬請告知）
特別感謝 Special Thanks/ MOFA (Taiwan) and NEX Foundation

更多臺灣防疫成果國際分享，請見外交部專區https://bit.ly/mofacovid19

*Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this video are those of the authors. 影片內容僅代表作者本身之觀點。*

COVID19 TWStandsWithU TaiwanCanHelp TaiwanIsHelping

Vivi Lin

About author

VIVI LIN ??‍♀️ 21｜Taiwanese United World College Maastricht 18'｜University of Edinburgh: Infectious Diseases ?Taiwan ?The Netherlands ?UK Scotland Business Inquiries：[email protected]

what is big data 在 Untyped 對啊我是工程師 Youtube 的最佳貼文

By Untyped 對啊我是工程師

2020-04-16 21:00:37 有 34,234 人看過有 1,342 人喜歡

API? IPA? 應用程式介面是什麼? API種類介紹 | What is API? REST? SOAP? 【電腦說人話】
-
API、IPA 傻傻分不清楚？某個app又發布了新的API？你知道應用程式之間是怎麼溝通的嗎？API好多種到底怎麼分？

公司的工程師同事又在討論新的API，啥？API是什麼？查了一下發現API的中文是應用程式介面。字都會唸但就是不懂。相信不論你有沒有接觸過Computer Science 電腦科學，可能都有聽過API這個詞。

凱心琳我曾經也被API這個詞搞得一頭霧水，大家都說它很重要它很棒，但是很少有人講得清楚他到底是什麼做什麼用的。一下REST一下SOAP的，到底在講什麼？甚至很多寫過API的工程師也無法解釋API的本質，以為所有的API都是同一種形式。這次要透過一些生活化的例子，介紹鼎鼎大名的API。並且分享Open API, Internal API, Partner API, Web Service, REST, SOAP 這些東西到底是什麼。

【電腦說人話】這個系列是希望透過口語化的方式，透過生活中的例子去介紹一些看似艱澀像外星語但實際上卻不難懂的電腦科學專有名詞。希望能讓曾經對這些詞彙充滿畏懼與疑惑的妳，能夠不再害怕，勇敢學習Computer Science！

#API #REST #電腦說人話
一定要看到影片最後面並且在「YouTube影片下方」按讚留言訂閱分享唷！
-
歡迎留言告訴我你的想法，或是你想認識的程式語言唷！
每（隔週）週四晚上9點更新，請記得開啟YouTube🔔通知！
-
【相關連結】
*What is an API? In English, please.*
[https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/what-is-an-api-in-english-please-b880a3214a82/]
[https://www.howtogeek.com/343877/what-is-an-api/]
[https://apifriends.com/api-management/what-is-an-api/]

*Types of APIs*
[https://rapidapi.com/blog/types-of-apis/]
[https://stoplight.io/api-types/]
[https://www.cevgroup.org/what-is-api/]

【What I used to make this video】
個人電腦：Apple MacBook Pro [https://amzn.to/2HKgI2T]
拍攝錄音錄影: iPhone X [https://amzn.to/3c0s6Fu]
相機: Canon 80D [https://amzn.to/2VVmiYz]
錄音: Rode [https://amzn.to/3aqnzL2]
鍵盤: Logitech MX Keys Wireless Keyboard [https://amzn.to/3awqi5L]

【愛屋及烏】
Facebook 臉書粉專 👉 [https://www.facebook.com/untyped/]
Instagram 👉 [https://www.instagram.com/untypedcoding/]
合作邀約 👉 untypedcoding@gmail.com
-
Untyped 對啊我是工程師 - There are so many data types in the world of computer science, so are the people who write the code. We aim to UNTYPE the stereotype of engineers and of how coding is only for a certain type of people.
凱心琳: 一個喜歡電腦科學邏輯推理，在科技圈努力為性別平等奮鬥的女工程師。
-
This video contains affiliate links, which means that if you click on one of the product links, I'll receive a small commission.
圖片影片音效：[giphy.com] [pngwave.com][freesound.org]

API REST 電腦說人話

Untyped 對啊我是工程師

About author

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What exactly is big data? The definition of big data is data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes and with more velocity. This is also ... ... <看更多>

what is big data 在 Big Data: What it is and why it matters | SAS 的相關結果

Big data refers to data that is so large, fast or complex that it's difficult or impossible to process using traditional methods. The act of accessing and ... ... <看更多>

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Big data : Big data is an umbrella term for datasets that cannot reasonably be handled by traditional computers or tools due to their volume, ...

#79. 5 Big Data Technologies To Emerge In 2021 - Jigsaw Academy

We know there are at least 20 NO-SQL databases and a number of other Big Data technologies emerging every month. But which of these Big Data technologies see ...

#80. What Is Big Data? - Serokell

Big data is a term that describes datasets that are too large to be processed with the help of conventional tools and also is sometimes used ...

#81. What is your definition of Big Data? Researchers ... - PLOS

The term Big Data is commonly used to describe a range of different concepts: from the collection and aggregation of vast amounts of data, ...

#82. Sources of big data: Where does it come from? | CloudMoyo

The bulk of big data generated comes from three primary sources: social data, machine data and transactional data. In addition, companies need to make the ...

#83. Big Data | Privacy International

Big data is a term used to describe the application of analytical techniques to search, aggregate, and cross-reference large data sets in ...

#84. The five V's of Big Data (Adapted from (“IBM big data platform

Big data has recently emerging Research area. It is a technology to process and helps to improve system Scalability, Security and Efficiency. This paper ...

#85. Benefits and challenges of Big Data in healthcare - NCBI

Big Data analytics for health systems. The complexity of Big Data analysis arises from combining different types of information, which are ...

#86. 25+ Impressive Big Data Statistics for 2021 - TechJury

The big data analytics market is set to reach $103 billion by 2023. Poor data quality costs the US economy up to $3.1 trillion yearly. In 2020, ...

#87. Top 5 Big Data Databases in 2022 - ScienceSoft

ScienceSoft overviews best databases for big data storage and processing. Choose the right database for your big data solution!

#88. Big Data and What it Means - US Chamber of Commerce ...

Big Data is already an integral part of every sector in the global economy, what does the future hold?

#89. What is big data? - O'Reilly Media

Rarely does data present itself in a form perfectly ordered and ready for processing. A common theme in big data systems is that the source data ...

#90. Understanding big data - Red Hat

Big data is data that is either too large or too complex for traditional data-processing methods to handle. In general big data has come to ...

#91. What is Big Data | Villanova University

Big data analysis can give professionals insights into their customer, internal processes, and provide companies new opportunities for ...

#92. Big Data: What Is It and How Does It Work? - Business 2 ...

By definition, Big Data is data that contains greater variety, arriving in increasing volumes, and finally with ever-higher velocity. That is ...

#93. The Buzz of Big Data - DZone

In simple words, big data is defined as mass amounts of data that may involve complex, unstructured data, as well as semi-structured data.

#94. The Anatomy of Big Data Computing - arXiv

The integration of. Big Data technologies and Cloud computing read as - “Big Data Clouds” is an emerging new generation data analytics platform for information ...

#95. Straight talk about big data | McKinsey

In the science of management, the revolution in big data analytics is starting to transform how companies organize, operate, manage talent, ...

#96. 8 Big Data Solutions for Small Businesses

Big data can help your company resolve key issues, bolster its cybersecurity, and plan a meaningful data and analytics strategy. SAS, Qualtrics and Google ...

#97. Healthcare Big Data and the Promise of Value-Based Care

“Big data in healthcare” refers to the abundant health data amassed from numerous sources including electronic health records (EHRs), ...

#98. Big Data: The 3 Vs explained

Volume, velocity and variety are the three defining properties of big data. This blog post looks into the 3 big data dimentions in more detail.

#99. The Big Data Conundrum: How to Define It? - MIT Technology ...

2. Oracle. Big data is the derivation of value from traditional relational database-driven business decision making, augmented with new sources ...

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