以事論事
今日想撇開情緒同大家討論一下(DR )Dynamic range
點解坊間會對呢個詞語有着不一樣嘅理解?甚至有人會認為對方全盤錯誤?
又為什麼我認為兩者其實在對這一詞的理解上都沒有錯?
其實討論問題,首先要解決詞語的定義才能開始討論,否則很容易會跌入討論陷阱,得不到結論反而傷和氣。
Dynamic range這個詞其實早在黑白攝影已經有。
根據Ansel Adams:
Zones 0 through to X (10) represents the entire range of tones, from “full black to pure white”. Zones I (1) through IX (9) are what Adams referred to as the “dynamic range”, and this represents the darkest to lightest tones that can be considered “useful”
在這裏我哋了解到,DR表示的是最暗到最光的範圍。
這一點樣相信無論數碼世界或者影菲林的朋友們都應該會同意。但為這個問題討論到面紅耳熱的原因又是什麼呢?
我發現網上都很難找到相應嘅資料,經過幾日來對問題嘅思考,我得出以下嘅結論。
這應該是中文翻譯的問題。
當 Dr中文翻譯為寬容度的時候
它的定義:最暗位置到最光位置
Zones
定義
黑至白當中的10個層次
所以菲林年代嘅人會話張相有好多層次
其實想分幾多個層次都冇問題,只係Zone System作為攝影師和黑房後期人員的溝通工具,把整個DR分成10段就夠用了。
可以比喻為尺上刻度,把一整把尺分為10個不同的層次。
但係
當 Dr翻譯為動態範圍
它的定義:同上
ExposuresLatitude 翻譯為曝光寬容度
其定義其實接近zone層次
同樣可以比喻為尺上的刻度
所以數碼世界嘅人會話個File寬容度好闊。
其實表達嘅嘢都係一樣,同樣係表達緊光暗層次。
大家有咩意見歡迎賜教。但係謝絕批鬥/人身攻擊/謾罵。
如果想我哋出片解釋得更加清楚都可以留言講出你有嘅疑問,我哋盡力嘗試回答。
同時也有2部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過70萬的網紅Spice N' Pans,也在其Youtube影片中提到,This is a highly requested recipe and we’re excited that we can finally dish it out to you. Roland got this recipe from our uncle who is a retired zic...
「referred to as 中文」的推薦目錄:
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 膠攝現場 Facebook 的最讚貼文
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 葉漢浩 Alex Ip Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 小虎.fip腹膜炎gs441524治療日記 Facebook 的最佳貼文
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 Spice N' Pans Youtube 的精選貼文
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 Laowu老吳 Youtube 的最讚貼文
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 Email...如何帶出介紹人(referral)? | By 超英播| - Facebook 的評價
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 Refer to 的七大用法口訣 - YouTube 的評價
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 What are the differences between 汉语, 中文and 普通话? 的評價
- 關於referred to as 中文 在 API Reference | YouTube Data API - Google for Developers 的評價
referred to as 中文 在 葉漢浩 Alex Ip Facebook 的最佳貼文
【十萬火急!德國國會聯署得返18日,目標一成都未到!🇩🇪】
URGENT! Sign the petition to German Parliament NOW!
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
聯署信限時於28日內(聖誕日到期),一旦收集50000個簽名,德國國會請願委員會就必須召開公聽會!但係而家十份一都未有,得返18日!一齊幫手簽爆佢!
程序係複雜少少,可以睇住呢個教學就冇問題,記得個個都要簽呀!
If we collect more than 50000 signatures within 28 days (deadline being Christmas Day), Petition Committee of German Parliament will have to hold a public hearing on solid actions to support human rights in Hong Kong.
HOWEVER, we're not even reaching one-tenth of goal, and we only have 18 days left! The procedure is not as straightforward, but please follow this video and ask everyone to sign.
SIGN NOW and SPREAD THE WORD!!
聯署信主題︰德國政府應採取即時和實際行動,以制止香港人道危機
Subject of petition: Stop the humanitarian crisis in Hong Kong with immediate concrete measures by the Federal Government
===================
👉 聯署網址 Petition website: https://epetitionen.bundestag.de/…/…/_23/Petition_99604.html
聯署程序的教學短片(中文版)︰https://youtu.be/ZgO58nZs0vM
English teaching video for signing the petition: https://youtu.be/c3rSaJzd_8o
聯署信的英譯請轆到最低參閱!The English translation of petition content is attached below, please scroll down to read.
Germany Stand with Hong Kong
===================
[English Translation of Petition]
Safeguard Hong Kong, No More Suppression on Human Rights!
We are a group of Hongkongers living in Germany. Due to the out-of-hand violence of the Hong Kong Police Force (hereinafter referred to as the "HKPF"), the social movement in Hong Kong has turned into a humanitarian disaster. We call on the Federal Republic of Germany (hereinafter referred to as the “Federal Government”) to provide emergency assistance and we urge the Federal Government to take immediate and practicable action.
Abusive use of weapons and dereliction of duty by HKPF:
1. Protesters and passengers were assaulted by suspected triad groups in metro stations, and police only arrived 40 minutes after reports were made (Yuen Long MTR station on 21 July; similar attacks happened in Tsuen Wan and North Point on 5 August and 11 August respectively)
2. Mishandling a teenage female protester by male police officers, exposing her body parts during the arrest (Tin Shui Wai on 4 Aug)
3. Manipulation and deliberate planting of evidence (eg. putting sharp bamboo stick into protester’s backpacks, unsealing evidence bags that should remain sealed until presented at court)
4. 3 Members of Legislative Council, and more student activists were arrested by the police and 2 organizers of demonstrations were attacked by thugs on 30 August which is the eve of a massive demonstration
5. Police stormed the metro station, beat protesters and passengers in the station and on the train, closed all the exits and then expel all reporters and first-aiders from the metro station (Prince Edward MTR station on 31 Aug)
CALL FOR ACTIONS
In order to protect German expatriates and the interests of German enterprises in Hong Kong, as well as to protect the human rights of EU citizens in Hong Kong, we urge the Federal Government to consider taking the following actions:
1. Halt all export of crowd control equipment and “less-lethal” weaponry to Hong Kong Police Force (HKPF)
2. Express concerns regarding the escalating tension in Hong Kong and safety of German expatriates in Hong Kong
3. Deploy official Human Rights Observer to Hong Kong and to make an independent observation at the frontline
4. Acknowledge that protesters in Hong Kong may be persecuted on political grounds and adjust its asylum policy to Hong Kong asylum seekers
5. Halt any cooperation and exchange programme with the HKPF
6. Forbid entry into the EU / Revoke the right of abode or EU citizenship (if any) / Freeze the assets in EU of senior officers of Hong Kong Government and pro-China legislators and their immediate family members (if any)
HONG KONG,
made up of lovable Hongkongers,
who yearn for freedom, democracy and human rights,
was, is now and ever will be
a FREE PORT which belongs to the world of civilization.
referred to as 中文 在 小虎.fip腹膜炎gs441524治療日記 Facebook 的最佳貼文
FIP會傳染嗎?貓需要隔離嗎?哪些貓風險較高?為何會腹膜炎病發?FCoV、FECV、FIPV都是貓冠狀病毒,有強毒和弱毒之分?研究FIP長達50年的Dr Pedersen曾發表淺白的演講,解答很多問題:http://bit.ly/3168zgc
1)貓冠狀病毒FCoV是一個大宗族,其中一個分支FECV腸道型冠狀病毒普遍存在於很多貓身上,並且透過糞便傳播(貓砂盆),可導致腹瀉,但很少致命。我稱之為「#弱毒」免疫後也可以重新感染,所以難以製造疫苗。
FECV的同宗兄弟「FIPV腹膜炎病毒」則是絕對的致命病毒。為容易分辨,我稱之為「#強毒」。
2)根據Pedersen團隊2012的高階基因排序,首次證實 #FIPV貓腹膜炎冠狀病毒是由宗族親戚FECV突變而來(This mutated version of FECV is referred to as FIPV)https://is.gd/nLIZp6。康奈爾大學稍後再確認這個發現。重點是,貓先感染弱毒FECV,然後FECV突變成強毒FIPV。貓的免疫系統如果能在早期清除掉FIPV,就會安然無恙。反則,FIPV大量繁殖,貓就患上FIP腹膜炎了。只要弱毒FECV不突變,是沒事的。
傳染性腹膜炎,其中的「傳染性」是指弱毒FECV腸道型冠狀病毒,不是指FIPV。突變成強度FIPV後,傳染性極低,低到極罕有案例FIPV直接感染其他貓。
現在的貓冠狀病毒快速測試Test Kit以及實驗室PCR RNA檢測,都只能夠檢測FCoV是陰性還是陽性。但你測出陽性,即是有可能是有FECV,也可能是有FIPV。這些測試無法準確告訴你的病毒是FECV還是FIPV。
隔離沒意義的情況:
- FIP 貓在病發前已經跟家中其他貓一起生活了一段時間
- 家中其他貓本身已經感染了溫和的FECV(要檢測才知道)
隔離有少許意義的情況:
- FIP貓從來沒有跟你家的貓一起生活過,是新貓。FIP貓康復後,清潔全家用品,最好4-6個月後才加薪新貓
- 你家中的貓沒有FECV(要檢測才知道)
隔離很有意義的情況:https://bit.ly/2H2pX1v
- 無論FIP貓是公貓還是母貓,都絕對不應該讓他們交配或配種。因為讓FIP貓懷孕有很高風險。他們生出來的後代,突變FIP的機會也較高。
- 如果你家中的FIP貓還沒有絕育。同時,家中的異性貓也沒有絕育,請嚴密監控他們有無發情,請將他們隔離。或將異性貓絕育。
#FIPV的邪惡之處在於它能侵入身體的免疫系統細胞!比如巨噬細胞(macrophage)。就好像電影中的敵軍潛伏入我軍,穿上我軍軍服,結果我軍自己打自己,免疫系統混戰而導致貓貓崩潰死亡!
另外,FIPV也侵入外周單核血細(peripheral blood mononuclear cells)。相比之下,FECV可乖得多了。
不過,突變後的冠狀病毒FIPV #罕見有傳播跡象(腹膜炎貓排出的糞便中,不是完全沒有FIPV病毒的,只是很罕有,而且病毒量極少)。即是說你如果有一隻貓有了FIPV,其他一起共用貓砂盆的貓是有可能感染過普通的FECV,不是FIPV。因為前者靠傳染得到,後者FIPV主要透過突變才得到。#所以你隔離其他貓已經無大意義。除非,兩隻貓從來沒有一起生活過,那還有些隔離的意義。不建議爆FIP期間另養新貓,起碼要隔幾個月。
《FIPV突變的客觀環境和原因》
3)貓太多,擁擠
#多貓擁擠的環境容易互相感染FECV,增加突變FIPV的客觀前提。戶外或寬鬆環境,很少傳染FECV,所以FIPV病發率僅為0.3%(不是突變率)。擁擠貓舍環境病發率為1-5%(實際%好很難一概而論)。如果感染了FECV,貓貓沒有以下問題和情緒壓力,FIP病發率其實很低很低。
4)#先天DNA決定了某些貓較容易突變FIPV
- 純種貓、近親繁殖貓:因為缺乏基因多樣性,較雜種貓容易突變。粗略睇,中外好多病發的貓是:暹羅、布偶、異國、美短、英短⋯⋯但其實港短也不少,混血貓有FIP也不算罕見
- 4-29個月幼貓:突變機會較成貓高
- 本身有FLeV白血病、FIV貓愛滋的貓
- 過早斷奶的貓:缺乏母乳的抗體保護,也較容易的到FIPV
- 老年貓免疫力下降,也比成貓容易中招。(但成貓案例不算罕見)
- 如果一隻貓病發,同胞兄弟姐妹病發率提高
- 一對FIPV貓夫婦的下一代,也較容易得到FIP
凡此種種,基因決定了50%。但如果貓貓 #情緒穩定沒有壓力 #身體免疫系統抵抗力高,就算符合以上條件,只要你極力避免以下後天問題,突變機會也是很低的。
5)後天引爆突變的因素: #壓力
如果受到壓力,情緒緊張,往往是觸發冠狀病毒突變的導火線。(搬家換新環境、去診所打防疫針、胡亂帶貓外出、被訪客嚴重騷擾、外遊寄養在陌生人家中.....)
所以,如果你其中一隻貓有FIP, #現在最重要的就是讓其他貓開開心心情緒穩定,經常清潔消毒家居和貓廁所,吃得夠營養,增強抵抗力。仔細觀察有無異常,#無異常不要胡亂帶貓外出化驗增加驚嚇風險。如果健康貓感染了FECV,突變成FIP的機會其實很低,但如果他們受到情緒壓力,便可能因為這個經歷而受驚嚇,免疫力突然下降,FECV乘機突變成FIPV,如果免疫系統前期壓不住FIPV,就會侵入巨噬細胞、外周單核血細胞,隨著血管擴散全身血管發炎成為FIP貓。所以風險較高的貓,是有 #齊先天條件加上後天情緒壓力的貓貓。
觀察:有異常發燒、活力下降、食慾差、體重下降等,有需要就求診。
防治:日常服用營養品如維他命C可增強身體抵抗力,益生菌、消化酵素有助提升免疫力。有助減低病變機會。
關於同居貓的FECV感染問題,我打算找機會請教資深獸醫討論討論。
大家的貓貓如果中招有了FIP,可以加入這兩個群組求救和查詢。裡面有經驗豐富的管理員。小虎當初不是及時查詢,早已經死了:
【香港:FIP 腹膜炎 (最新資訊) 治療群組】
https://www.facebook.com/groups/fipcatvirushk/
【海外:FIP Warriors群組】
https://www.facebook.com/groups/158363205096283/
--------------------------------
腹膜炎病毒如何突變而來?貓需要隔離嗎:http://bit.ly/38TFhWE
認識GS441是什麼:http://bit.ly/38cqWUO
口服 vs 打針,打針會更有效:http://bit.ly/2ZWpwhr
GS441治療為何會復發?九大原因:https://bit.ly/36ygMAp
小虎的營養品清單:http://bit.ly/2NNkbBm
恐怖的fip腹膜炎腦神經病變:http://bit.ly/2Qt7uNj
小虎6月5日確診病徵記錄:http://bit.ly/2HQMYlo
第一周441治療救命記錄:http://bit.ly/2HQxKg5
透過mRNA檢測輔助停針:http://bit.ly/2MGg34f
甚麼是 #FIP:http://bit.ly/2NOtEc6(中譯:http://bit.ly/2NLvJFO)
#GS441524 病毒抑制劑研究報告:http://bit.ly/2XEemN4、http://bit.ly/2JzCsib(中文版:http://bit.ly/2JZLaGU)
治療嚴重的眼部腦部病變:http://bit.ly/2SosZAA、http://bit.ly/2Zb71jW
腹膜炎的一切知識:http://bit.ly/2HPPKab
看懂驗血報告:http://bit.ly/2HgXulr(中文:http://bit.ly/2ZmUdHp)
#cat #FIP #傳染性腹膜炎 #kitten #貓傳腹 #GS441
referred to as 中文 在 Spice N' Pans Youtube 的精選貼文
This is a highly requested recipe and we’re excited that we can finally dish it out to you. Roland got this recipe from our uncle who is a retired zichar chef. It took him a few tries and a few consultations with his cousin who is still a zichar chef, to get this right. Hopefully you can make this recipe on your first try. Roland's cousin suggested that we use Thai yam because its texture is the best for yam ring so if possible, get Thai yam.
中文版视频 https://youtu.be/Gkr35uYtg3Q
According to Hungrygowhere, yam ring is a uniquely Singapore dish, which was first created as a vegetarian dish. Today yam ring or sometimes referred to as yam basket, has become a zichar staple. You can read more about the origin of yam ring here: https://www.hungrygowhere.com/gallery/the-history-behind-singapore-s-original-food-*gid-09a13101/fda80200
If you don't want to make the yam ring, you can also just cook the seafood and chicken stir fry as it is and it'll be a perfect meal too.
See the ingredient list below for your easy reference.
Hope you can recreate this yummy dish in the comfort of your home. Thanks for dropping by our channel.
Please subscribe to stay tuned to our home cooking videos.
Follow us on:
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Thanks for watching! See you soon.
xoxo
Jamie
on behalf of Spice N’ Pans
Ingredients:
Serves 4 - 5 pax
For yam ring
---------
300g Thai yam
1 teaspoon five spice powder (https://amzn.to/36oryqu or make it yourself https://youtu.be/4N39Ib8lIsQ)
1 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon sugar
A few dashes of white pepper (https://amzn.to/2zqCvMa0
60g wheat starch (the one we used: Sunflower Wheat Starch - Tim Sum Flour https://fairprice.com.sg/product/sunflower-tim-sum-flour-wheat-starch-500g-147430)
90ml (slightly more than 1/3 cup) hot water
30g lard (can be replaced with margarine, butter or vegetable shortening)
1/2 teaspoon baking powder (https://amzn.to/2ZqpSvr)
Note: If you don't know how to get lard, just buy a piece of pork fat from your butcher and follow this video: https://youtu.be/PHlRSf6VpQo. The oil that comes out from the pork fat is lard - just let it cool down and then store it in the fridge and it will solidify. Use the crispy lard in your dishes by sprinkling some over. Super yummy!
For stir fry
---------
2 cloves garlic
20g sliced carrots
125ml (1/2 cup) water
2 tablespoons oyster sauce (https://amzn.to/2zmZ84i)
1/2 teaspoon sugar
A few dashes of white pepper
100g thinly sliced chicken
120g shrimp (prawns)
80g scallops
3 young corns
A few pieces of snow peas
Some cornstarch solution
1 teaspoon sesame oil (https://amzn.to/2XqAIPe)
1 tablespoon Chinese cooking wine (Shaoxing Huatiao wine) (https://amzn.to/2LRZYbU)
Other ingredients
---------
35g vermicelli
===
If you like this recipe, you might like these too:
Restaurant style Chinese Spinach Tofu w/ Mushrooms 菠菜豆腐
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M1yQ8-w2Hs8&t=55s
Chinese Steamed Chicken & Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m19AjHN8b1A&t=76s
Braised Pig’s Stomach w/ Mushrooms & Sea Cucumber
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zj_JkAx7n7A&t=23s
Disclaimer:
Spice N' Pans is not related to these products and cannot guarantee the quality of the products in the links provided. Links are provided here for your convenience. We can only stand by the brands of the products we used in the video and we highly recommend you to buy them. Even then, preference can be subjective. Please buy at your own risk. Some of the links provided here may be affiliated. These links are important as they help to fund this channel so that we can continue to give you more recipes. Cheers!
referred to as 中文 在 Laowu老吳 Youtube 的最讚貼文
Final Fantasy VII takes place on a world referred to in-game as the "Planet", though it has been retroactively named "Gaia". The planet's lifeforce, called the Lifestream, is a flow of spiritual energy that gives life to everything on the Planet. Its processed form is known as "Mako".During Final Fantasy VII, the Planet's Lifestream is being drained for energy by the Shinra Electric Power Company, a world-dominating megacorporation headquartered in the city of Midgar...
遊戲以克勞德·史特萊夫被生態恐怖主義組織「雪崩」雇為傭兵,破壞「神羅公司」羅統治城市米德加周圍的魔晃爐開始。「雪崩」首領巴雷特·華萊士認為,在讓魔晃在爐中反應會消耗星球的生命,所以神羅的魔晃爐會殺死星球。克勞德孩童時的夥伴蒂法也加入了組織。雖然雪崩第一個任務成功了,但在隨後破壞第二個魔晃爐時中了埋伏,克勞德掉落到米德加貧民窟。他見到了在隨雪崩完成首個任務後,曾遇見的賣花女艾麗絲...
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referred to as 中文 在 Refer to 的七大用法口訣 - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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referred to as 中文 在 What are the differences between 汉语, 中文and 普通话? 的推薦與評價
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referred to as 中文 在 Email...如何帶出介紹人(referral)? | By 超英播| - Facebook 的推薦與評價
是'I was referred to you'、'You were referred to me',還是其他? 請看... ... <看更多>