關於 offshore construction ，我們在網路上蒐集到這些相關的討論、資訊與評價

富時羅素宣布，本月下旬將8間被美國限買的軍企剔出指數。

FTSE Russell said the companies — which include China Railway Construction Corporation, China Communications Construction Company and Hikvision, a maker of surveillance cameras — would be removed from its FTSE global equity indices and the FTSE China A Inclusion index on December 21.

Widely held companies such as China Mobile and China National Offshore Oil Corporation did not appear in the list of companies FTSE Russell said it would remove from its indices.

The eight groups to be removed from FTSE indices ranged in market value from $3bn to $66bn. The list also includes: China National Chemical Engineering Company; satellite manufacturer China Spacesat; the China Nuclear Engineering Corporation; computer server maker Dawning Information Industry Group; and locomotive maker CRRC.

รู้จัก ฮุนได กลุ่มธุรกิจขนาดใหญ่ที่สุดของเกาหลีใต้ ที่ก่อตั้งโดยลูกชาวนา /โดย ลงทุนแมน
“Man's potential is limitless” หรือที่มีความหมายว่า “ศักยภาพของมนุษย์เรา ไม่มีขีดจำกัด”
ประโยคหนึ่ง ที่กล่าวโดย “ซุง จู ยุง” ผู้ก่อตั้งกลุ่มฮุนได

หลายคนอาจคิดว่าฮุนได (Hyundai) หรือที่คนเกาหลีเรียกว่า “ฮยอน แด” เริ่มทำธุรกิจผลิตรถยนต์มาตั้งแต่แรก
...Continue ReadingKnow Hyundai, South Korea's largest business group founded by farmer's son / investment man.
′′ Man's potential is limitless aka ′′ our human potential has no limit
One sentence said by ′′ Sung Joo-Yung ′′ the founder of Hyundai Group.

Many people may think that Hyundai (Hyundai) or Korean people call ′′ Hyun Dae ′′ started in the first place in the beginning of their car manufacturing business.

But in fact, Hyundai has a starting point from the construction business.
How is this? Invest Man will tell you about it.
╔═══════════╗
Blockdit is a platform of source of thinkers
Helping to update the situation in video article formats
Including the podcast to listen to on the go.
Try it out at Blockdit.com/download
╚═══════════╝
Hyundai was founded by Sung Joo, a South Korean male mosquito, who was born from a farmer's family living in rural area of Kangwon province, south of Korea.

When I was young, Sungju, I dreamed that I wanted to be a student teacher.
But with poverty, he has no capital in education and no chance to follow his intentional dreams.

However, Sung Joo-Yung has been in a youthful businessman.
Because every time he travels to town, he always panting wood from his neighborhood to sell to make money.

What he does regularly when he has a chance to travel to the city.
It's to find newspaper to read, add knowledge.
At this point, that sparked his mind to earn more money to help his life and family get out of poverty.

When I start to see the opportunity that working in the city pays off.
So he plans to go out of the countryside to work in the city.

Sung Jooyung tried to run away from home to work in town many times, but he was taken home every time.

But his 4nd attempt was accomplished.
When his father doesn't come looking for him again.

In the first period, Sung Juyung started working as a laborer at Port in Inchon City.
And next to deliver rice to a rice store in Seoul.

He worked in rice stores with diligence.
And after 6 months of work, I have been promoted to take care of my shop accounting job.

After taking care of accounting job
He's getting more knowledge of business
I have been trusted by the rice shop owner who has health problems to take care of my business instead.

But shortly after, in the early 1939's, Korea took over Japan.
Rice businesses are being coerced to shut down by the Japanese Army.

He decided to bring his experience and money collected to start a carport business in his hometown in Kangwon province.
But the garage business has to shut down again from the orders of the Japanese government.

In conclusion, both rice trading and car garage business that seems to go well. It's not what he expects.

But then fate seems to be taking his side..

Because in 1945 Japan defeated WWII
Make U.S. to take care of the current South Korea or South Korea.

U.S. Entry makes doing business in South Korea more freedom.
It's this time that Sung Juyung was founded Hyundai in 1947

Initially, Hyundai started a construction business.
Because Sung Juyu, Mosquitoes South Korea needs to be restored after war ends.

One of the factors that made Hyundai grow well in the first period is because South Korea's government had several construction projects and restoration projects such as expressway, port construction and dams.
Hyundai is the winner of the South Korean government's multi-project auction.
Including other projects from the U.S. government

Later in 1965, Hyundai took first offshore road construction job.
This is a road building project in south of Thailand during Pattani and Narathi province.

Hyundai group's key step is to establish Hyundai Motor in 1967
Which today, Hyundai Motor became South Korea's largest automobile manufacturing company.

In 2018, Hyundai Motor was the world's 5th highest manufacturing company.

In 2019, Hyundai Motor proceeds 2.8 million baht, profit 83,000 million baht and now it's worth the company more than 1 trillion baht.

Hyundai group present in various businesses
Such as construction contractor, manufacturing and selling cars, retail, financial services.
Which, if all businesses are integrated into one company, the Hyundai group is considered South Korea's largest business group.

Even today, Sung Joo-yung is gone.
But his journey on his hard path to success will inspire many people.

So if we are facing difficulties now
Try to develop yourself and find a path forward.

Like the example of Sungjoo, mosquitoes from being a farmer's son, poor status can step up as the founder of Hyundai Group, South Korea's giant company nowadays..
╔═══════════╗
Blockdit is a platform of source of thinkers
Helping to update the situation in video article formats
Including the podcast to listen to on the go.
Try it out at Blockdit.com/download
╚═══════════╝
Follow the investment man at
Website - longtunman.com
Blockdit-blockdit.com/longtunman
Facebook-@[113397052526245:274: lngthun mæn]
Twitter - twitter.com/longtunman
Instagram-instagram.com/longtunman
Line - page.line.me/longtunman
YouTube - youtube.com/longtunman
References
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chung_Ju-yung
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Group
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai
-https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/52/Hyundai-Group.html
-https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2015/03/11/industry/Road-to-overseas-construction-success-starts-in-Thailand/3001795.html
-https://www.wheels.ca/top-ten/these-are-ten-biggest-automakers-in-the-world/
-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundai_Motor_Company
-https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/HYMTF/Translated

亞太離岸風電市場分析專題報導：越南（08/10/2020 InfoLink）

整體再生能源發展概況

越南能源結構以火力發電為主，2020年越南的火力發電裝置容量占比約52%，已經超越原先預期目標，雖然國內有團體呼籲政府降低火力發電占比，但今年上半年，煤炭進口仍比去年同期高53%，創下新高，總共31.5百萬噸 (mln tonne)。但隨著越南電力需求增加，包含再生能源在內，所有能源類型，都持續成長。

目前越南再生能源發電裝置容量主要都是水力，占比超過7成，其次太陽能光電占23%，風力僅占2%。

不過，2016年修訂的第七版國家電力發展總體規劃(Power Development Plan VII, 以下簡稱PDP VII)有設定中長期的再生能源發展目標，再生能源於總發電裝置容量之占比，要從2015年的5.37%提升到2030的21%。尚處於討論階段的第八版PDP也提出優先發展再生能源的策略，將2030年再生能源裝置容量占比提高到30.8，其中以太陽能光電(14.5%)及風能(13.8%)為主力；此外，也規劃將高碳排的燃煤發電裝置容量占比，從上一版的42.6%下修到26.9%，相對低碳排的燃氣發電裝置容量，則從14.7%提升至18.8%，顯見越南政府開始重視能源部門的減碳。

越南未來離岸風力裝置容量預估

越南離岸風力目前裝置量僅99.2MW，不過今(2020)年六月，越南當局新核可約3.1GW風力項目，多數位於越南湄公河三角洲的潮間帶/離岸風場，加上官方應會延長風電躉購(Feed-in Tariff)政策到2023年底，預估2020到2024四年間，裝置容量成長迅速，加上潮間帶風場施工不像外海離岸風場繁雜，樂觀情境2025年離岸風力裝置容量有望超過4.5GW。

根據目前的PDP VIII的討論草案，已點出傳輸電網對快速發展再生能源至關重要，而電網預計擴建的湄公河三角洲區域，與離岸風力主要發展區一致，因此可樂觀預期2025年後，湄公河西南區每年有約400MW成長動能，加上具有離岸風電潛力的東南與中南區域，到2030年離岸風力裝置容量量有望超過9.5GW。

悲觀情境下，考量電網擴建速度，加上港口、道路等其他基礎建設之限制，目前已核可的所有離岸風力項目恐來不及全數於2023年底前併網完成，保守預估2025年裝置容量約3.2GW。此外，越南當局尚未公布再生能源導入競價機制之確切時程與執行方式，若於2023年後實施可能減緩各區域未來發展速度，預估2030年裝置量僅7GW。

越南政策與離岸風力發展概況

依據越南近期的PDP VIII討論文件，2030年擬建置19GW風力發電裝置容量，占總發電裝置量的13.8%，等於要在短短十年內增加18.6GW；2045年更增加至60GW，占總發電裝置量的21.8%。

另外，今(2020)年三月，越南當局發布一篇海洋經濟戰略官方文件，明確點出三個具有離岸潛力的區域，分別為平順省(Binh Thuan)、薄寮省(Bac Lieu)以及以及金甌省(Ca Mau)，隨後又在六月修訂第七版國家電力發展總體規劃(PDP VII)，核可了越南工業及貿易部(MOIT)提案一共91項陸域與離岸風力計畫，合計約7GW，3.1GW項目為離岸或潮間帶風場，其中7項位於薄寮省(Bac Lieu)以及金甌省(Ca Mau)；另外，也有數個潮間帶風場位於湄公河三角洲的茶榮省(Tra Vinh)與檳椥省(Ben Tre)。預期近年離岸風力將持續發展。

丹麥哥本哈根建設基金(CIP)今年七月，則和越南平順(Binh Thuan)省政府簽訂開發3.5GW裝置量離岸風力的合作備忘錄(MOU)，投資資金估計達100億美元，將是越南最大的離岸風電場之一。

補貼偏低 但重點加強離岸

越南的離岸風電補貼以FIT為主，目前補貼相當於9.8美分/ kWh，補助期限20年，雖然比日本與台灣在推廣期實施的FIT費率都還要低。

不過2018年公布調漲FIT費率，離岸風電成長幅度已經是高達25%，而且併網期限也從2021年延至2023，同時政府單位加速讓更多風力發電廠取得建造許可，預估還是能夠有效刺激風電產業發展。

開發商風險／供應鏈商機

目前越南商轉中的最大潮間帶/離岸風場為Bac Lieu第二期計畫，位於湄公河三角洲西南的薄寮省，主要開發商為越南建設商貿旅遊公司Cong Ly Construction Trade Tourism，有83.2MW容量，採用奇異(GE)公司風機。同樣開發商142MW的Bac Lieu第三期則在建造中。

法規健全性不足

依照越南法規，在取得PPA，讓潮間帶或離岸開發項目被列入省級的風電發展計畫 (PWPDP)，提交工貿部(MOIT)，經中央核可列入PDP後，始可開始建造風場。若許可皆到位，官方審核通過，風力資源評估週期只要1.5~2年就可以開始建造流程，且環評相關規範寬鬆。

目前越南共有九個省，擁有省級的風力資源開發計畫，分別為寧順省(Ninh Thuan)，平順省(Binh Thuan)，朔庄省 (Soc Trang), 檳椥省(Ben Tre), 茶榮省(Tra Vinh), 廣治省(Quang Tri), 金甌省(Ca Mau), 薄寮省(Bac Lieu) and 太平省(Thai Binh)，意味著這些區域投資風電的政策保障相對較高。

但越南官方作業時程不明確，加上法規並未嚴格規範，簽訂PPA的越南電力公司(EVN)或其他公家機關若未履行PPA，有什麼樣的懲罰條款也未明訂，這將會是開發商較大的風險。

越南目前主力開發潮間帶風場，為風機製造商與零件相關供應鏈帶來商機，若有意進入越南市場，需考量目前越南採用的多為5MW以下的陸域風機，相關的外國風電廠商除提供風機，也提供10~20年維運服務，除了GE之外，今年截至七月，Vestas再取得位於越南薄寮省(Bac Lieu)，50MW Dong Hai第二期潮間帶風場風機訂單，Dong Hai第一期計畫也採用Vestas風機，合計100MW容量，是越南目前最大潮間帶風場。這是 Vestas 在越南的第七項潮間帶風機訂單。近半年來，Vestas共取得五項潮間帶訂單。 除此之外，Vestas在越南兩處風場也有取得設計、採購、施工總承包(EPC)合約。

西門子歌美颯今年則獲得位於金甌省(Ca Mau)約75 MW Tan Thuan 潮間帶風場訂單，包含為期十年的維運合約，這是西門子歌美颯在越南的第四項潮間帶風機訂單。

日商Renova則在今年五月，與越南當地電力公司PCC1合作開發陸域風場，其他大廠進入潮間帶市場前也都有參與越南的陸域風電計畫，預料之後Renova也可能循相同模式，參與越南離岸風電開發。

總結

雖然越南目前離岸風電目前裝置量僅有99.2MW，不過今年開始預料會逐漸成長。越南當局提高再生能源與離岸風力裝置量規劃，將改變過去仰賴火力發電的能源結構。此外，今年也公布國內離岸風力潛力區，並核可約3.1GW的離岸與潮間帶能源開發項目，七月哥本哈根基金(CIP)則與平順(Binh Thuan)省政府簽訂開發3.5GW離岸風電的合作備忘錄(MOU)，投資資金估計將達100億美元。

越南發展離岸風電隱憂在於政策的不確定性。而越南目前主力開發潮間帶風場，為風機製造商與零件相關供應鏈帶來商機，目前越南採用的多為5MW以下的陸域風機，預料將帶動當地相關尺寸零件、運輸等需求。

完整內容請見：
https://www.infolink-group.com/zh-tw/wind/wind_analysis-/Asia-Pacific-offshore-wind-market-analysis-Vietnam

♡

盧怡慈是離島人在大學工作室的朋友⠀
從大學時期開始就對烘焙有特別的興趣⠀
一直以為畢業之後盧怡慈就會到法國藍帶轉行做糕點⠀
沒想到在這些年的職場專業經驗後⠀
他對建築的熱情不減反升⠀
⠀
對於一直有在離島人的聽眾而言⠀
這應該算是個平衡報導⠀
就算是做建築，還是有機會獲得工作和生活的平衡⠀

Ep024- 被建築耽誤的糕點師：盧怡慈⠀
#建築 #法國藍帶 #離島人

-淡江建築系畢業⠀
-美國HHCP Architects (Orlando, Florida)⠀
-Washington University in St. Louis 研究所 (Master of Architecture/ Urban Design/ Construction Management)⠀
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