【LGBT信箱📮】問:聽講跨性別已經喺2018年唔再被當成「精神疾病」,唔知喺乜乜精神病名冊度除咗名,咁啲人以後會唔會無得去公立醫院睇醫生、服用荷爾蒙藥或者做手術㗎?
💡💡💡其實跨性別從來都唔係一種精神病💡💡💡
之所以被誤會,係因為大眾經常將跨性別等同成性別不安(Gender Dysphoria,簡稱GD)或者性別認同障礙(Gender Identity Disorder,簡稱GID)。根據《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》(簡稱DSM)第四同第五版,經歷GD或者GID嘅朋友,佢哋因為自己嘅性別認同同埋出生時指定嘅性別唔一致而感到相當顯著嘅痛苦,而呢種痛苦甚至會影響日常生活。所以喺香港,跨性別朋友去到公立醫院可以獲得醫療護理,係因為佢地被診斷患有以上嘅「精神疾病」,被列為精神科個案,而唔係因為佢哋係跨性別。
我地可以咁樣理解:雖然經歷GD或者GID嘅人本身係跨性別,但並唔係每一個跨性別朋友都會經歷GD或者GID。出版DSM嘅美國精神醫學學會(簡稱APA)都提過:
"The presence of gender variance is not the pathology but dysphoria is from the distress caused by the body and mind not aligning and/or societal marginalization of gender-variant people. "
性別差異本身並唔係一種病,而係呢班性別差異嘅人因為自己身心不一致,喺社會上被邊緣化,而產生不安,先至係痛苦的根源。
至於你話乜乜精神病名冊上面除名,其實你係講緊由世界衛生組織(簡稱WHO)最新出版的《國際疾病分類標準》(簡稱 ICD-11)。佢地將「性別認同障礙」更名為「性別不一致」(Gender Incongruence),仲將佢由以前「精神與行為疾病」(Mental and Behavioural Disorders)嘅類別,改成屬於「性健康」嘅類別。
除咗世衛本ICD名冊講「性別不一致」,APA都有一本DSM手冊講「性別不安」。前者範圍較廣泛,包括各類型已知嘅疾病,而後者就專係講精神疾病。喺2018年,雖然「性別不一致」唔再被世衛承認為一種精神病,但係大家唔好忘記,佢仍然保留喺疾病名冊上面,需要適當嘅醫療照護。所以唔洗擔心,有需要接受心理評估、用藥或者做手術嘅跨性別朋友仍然可以去醫院。無論係乜野類型嘅疾病,切忌諱疾忌醫!
過去幾十年黎,跨性別呢個群體喺國際醫學領域一直被改名、改分類,由以往比較狹隘嘅二元框架,假設咗進行醫療轉化嘅變性人一定係希望成為異性,逐漸變成今日擁抱性/別差異,睇見非二元(non-binary)嘅存在;理解到出現問題嘅並唔係性別認同本身,係由身心不一致所產生嘅心理不安,希望去病化(depathologize)跨性別群體,將治療重點放喺心理困擾上面。
每個時代都有被誤解的人和事。生於當代,成為小眾,我地可以做嘅事,就係做到自己,自然可以做好自己。希望有需要嘅朋友可以搵到啱自己嘅醫療服務,一步步咁做到自己。
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撰文:達文
#pridelab #pridelabhk #DareToBe
#nonbinary #queer #transgender #非二元性別 #跨性別 #酷兒
#pride #lgbt #LGBTQ #LGBTPride #lgbtcommunity #hklgbt #性小眾 #香港性小眾
mental distress 在 國家衛生研究院-論壇 Facebook 的最佳解答
【疫情間如何覺察與調適心理健康】
全世界受疫情影響程度不同的19個國家中網路搜尋 Google Trends 資料庫中,發現「失眠」是全球疫情影響心理健康最敏感的指標。失眠是許多壓力事件、憂鬱症、焦慮症等精神疾病的早期徵兆;因此用失眠或睡眠品質,做為心理健康的早期篩檢,這份研究提出臨床與公衛政策簡單有效的篩檢,也是重要的跨國比較實證根據。
從美國最具人口抽樣代表性的研究,還進一步指出:心理壓力最大的族群是18-29歲的年輕人、家庭年收入較低的族群。在四月份有嚴重心理壓力的,其中72%到了七月份也有嚴重的心理壓力。有嚴重心理壓力的人擔心的是:怕得到COVID-19(65%)、疫情影響工作(65.1%)、經濟問題(60.6%)。
疫情爆發時,社會大眾常見的心理與行為反應包括:失眠、沒安全感、產生「找戰犯」的心理。媒體雖然在疫情其間是很重要傳遞知識的工具,但也有可能是散播謠言、陰謀論的平台,而對社會大眾的身心健康反而有負面的影響;因此在收看媒體與相關資訊時,也要覺察自己是不是也落入「找戰犯」的心理,應該要盡量避免以維持心理健康。
📖參考論文
1. Psychological Distress and COVID-19–Related Stressors Reported in a Longitudinal Cohort of US Adults in April and July 2020. JAMA. 2020 Dec 22; 324(24): 2555–2557.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2773517
2. Increased Internet Searches for Insomnia as an Indicator of Global Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multinational Longitudinal Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Sep; 22(9): e22181.
https://www.jmir.org/2020/9/e22181/
#孤獨, #失眠, #自殺, #情緒恆定性, #找戰犯心理, #scapegoating
📖收聽平台
Apple Podcast https://reurl.cc/3NX9GR
Google Podcast https://reurl.cc/kVOgmG
Spotify https://reurl.cc/L0Wq9a
Pocket Casts https://reurl.cc/YWEpZO
KKBOX https://reurl.cc/Q7Rx80
Firstory https://reurl.cc/nnNAQn
YouTube Brasil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGHM_35hWnI
( 財團法人國家衛生研究院 林煜軒醫師摘要整理)
衛生福利部
疾病管制署 - 1922防疫達人
國家衛生研究院-論壇
mental distress 在 CheckCheckCin Facebook 的最佳解答
【壓力山大】男人較少將壓力問題宣之於口
⭐從生活習慣可窺探壓力嚴重程度
⭐小心用錯減壓方法
#星期六隻眼閉
減壓方法大拆解
男人來到了四、五十歲,人生的道路走了一半,有說是幸福感最少的時候,因為隨着年紀漸長,體力下降,打波打到半場已虛脫,凌晨起身睇波都見吃力;髮際線後退,脂肪有增無減,容貌亦開始顯露歲月痕跡;事業上打拼多年壓力增加,家庭開銷亦有增無減⋯⋯壓力大到身心俱疲時,您有用以下的減壓方法嗎?
⚠️飲酒
輕則放工後小酌一杯,嚴重的甚至借酒消愁,適量及配合體質飲酒可和氣行血,但飲酒過量容易於體內聚濕、生痰、化熱,影響肝脾正常運作,要適可宜止。
⚠️吸煙
不少人因為壓力大而開始吸煙,覺得吸煙過程很紓壓,甚至能有助放鬆排便!其實是錯覺,吸煙過後壓力依然存在,更會對身體造成損害,得不償失。
⚠️瘋狂購物
購物減壓不是女人的專利,亦有男人遇上壓力大時喜歡購物減壓,尤其網購盛行,以致經常購買不必要的物品,小心紓緩心理壓力後卻增加經濟壓力。
⚠️暴飲暴食
用吃來紓壓是很常見的方式,而且會偏好選擇高脂、高熱量的食物,透過食物慰藉心靈,但卻會帶來肥胖、高血脂等問題。
⚠️熬夜打機
不少男人放工後都會打機減壓,甚至打到通宵達旦,第二天上班當然無精神,長遠更會打亂生理時鐘,損耗身體津液,出現口乾、五心煩熱、大便偏乾等陰虛症狀。
中醫理論認為肝主情志,不良情緒會傷肝,肝功能失調會導致肝鬱,出現頭痛、多嘆氣、打嗝或放屁、胃痛、大便不調、失眠等症狀。所以減壓要疏肝,適量食用蓮藕、白蘿蔔、絲瓜、陳皮等疏肝理氣食材,或者飲用玫瑰花、茉莉花、佛手、洋甘菊茶有助氣血運行,進行運動也有助減壓。
✔ CheckCheckCin茶療推介:火龍果玫瑰茶
材料:紅火龍果、冰糖、蜂蜜、玫瑰花、檸檬及白毫烏龍
功效:疏肝解鬱,潤腸通便,適合大便不暢、有壓力、經常嘆氣、暗啞肌膚人士。
注意:適合月經前飲用;月經期間、孕婦不宜。
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Are these the best ways to relieve stress?
When men reach the age of 40 or 50, they are about halfway through their journey in life. As they grow older, they might start to feel a decrease in stamina and might not perform well in sports. They might even have a hard time staying up late to watch their favourite sports match.
Some might also troubled by their receding hairline, the accumulation of fats in their body, and changes in their facial appearance. To add fuel to the fire, stress at work and the rising cost of living can also take a toll on their mental health. Have you tried the following methods to cope with stress?
⚠️Drinking booze
While some might enjoy a glass of beer after work, some would resort to alcoholism to escape from the harsh reality they face daily. Consuming an appropriate amount of alcohol according to your body constitution can improve the circulation of qi and blood, but excessive drinking can cause heat and dampness to accumulate in the body, induce phlegm production, affect the functions of the liver and spleen. It is important to practice self-control when consuming alcohol.
⚠️Smoking
Many people might take a puff at a cigarette to de-stress, and some even think it can help them pass stool more easily. It is in fact just an illusion! Smoking will only cause damage to your body, and you will still feel stressed even after smoking.
⚠️Going on a shopping spree
Some men would go on a shopping spree to reduce their stress. The convenience of online shopping encourages us to make impulsive purchases of items we do not need. Shopping can be stress-relieving, but it could also cause further financial distress if we are not mindful of our spending.
⚠️Binge eating
It is common for us to eat to release stress, and we tend to opt for foods that are high in fats and calories. Binge eating can lead to obesity and an increase in our cholesterols in the long run.
⚠️Late-night gaming
Men may play games to reduce stress after work, and some might even pull an all-nighter. It then becomes difficult for them to focus on work the next morning. Staying up late to play games disrupts our biological clock in the long run. Not only does this lifestyle exhaust the fluid in the body, it can also cause individuals to develop yin-deficient symptoms such as dry mouth, dry stools, and irritability.
According to the Chinese Medicine theories, the liver governs the emotions. Negative emotions can hurt the liver, and when the functions of the liver are affected, individuals may experience headache, burp or flatulence, stomachache, difficulty in passing motion, insomnia, and excessive sighing.
To soothe the liver, consume an appropriate amount of lotus root, white radish, luffa and dried citrus peel or drink rose tea, jasmine tea, bergamot tea, and chamomile tea to improve circulation of qi and blood. Doing our favourite sporting activity can also help relieve stress.
✔ CheckCheckCin Recommendation: Dragon Fruit Rose Tea
Ingredients: Water, Dragon Fruit Juice, Rock Sugar, Honey, Rose, Lemon Juice Concentrate, Oolong Tea
Effects: Relieves stress, moistens the bowels to relieve constipation. Suitable for difficulty passing stool, stress, frequent sighs, and dull complexion.
Note: To relieve menstrual discomfort, have this tea 3-7 days before period. Not suitable for menstruating and pregnant women.
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#男 #女 #我有壓力 #我枯燥 #陰虛
mental distress 在 How to help someone in mental distress - YouTube 的推薦與評價
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