美國獨立宣言-開國元勳嘅初心
"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness."
(我們認為下面這些真理是不證自明的:人人生而平等,造物主賦予他們若干不可剝奪的權利,其中包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。)
"That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed,—That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness."
(為了保障這些權利,人們才在他們之間建立政府,而政府之正當權力,則來自被統治者的同意。任何形式的政府,只要破壞上述目的,人民就有權利改變或廢除它,並建立新政府;新政府賴以奠基的原則,得以組織權力的方式,都要最大可能地增進民眾的安全和幸福。)
"Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed."
(的確,從慎重考慮,不應當由於輕微和短暫的原因而改變成立多年的政府。過去的一切經驗也都說明,任何苦難,只要尚能忍受,人類都寧願容忍,而無意廢除他們久已習慣了的政府來恢復自身的權益。)
"But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security."
(但是,當政府一貫濫用職權、強取豪奪,一成不變地追逐這一目標,足以證明它旨在把人民置於絕對專制統治之下時,那麼,人民就有權利,也有義務推翻這個政府,並為他們未來的安全建立新的保障。)
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同時也有5部Youtube影片,追蹤數超過39萬的網紅The Official Chris Leong,也在其Youtube影片中提到,A lot of recyclable items were not disposed in a proper way. NGOs are providing service to collect recyclable items. Master Chris donated clothes and ...
disposed of 在 Facebook 的精選貼文
#FlashbackFriday Okay guys I couldn’t help it but whenever I think of Milo, I hear this jingle in my head. Those of you who are old enough will remember this tune. 🎵 Sound ON and let me know if this brings back memories! 😂
Instead of “dapatkan tin yang besar hari ini”, you can now get them in paper packaging that can be disposed of for recycling! Just look out for this Milo Less Sugar Paper Pouch with me on it! 😎 What an awesome initiative by @milo_malaysia. #MiloSayangBumi
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disposed of 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的精選貼文
[翻轉視界] 孤軍奮戰的正義律師: 羅伯‧比洛特
Have you seen the film Dark Waters?
你看過電影《黑水風暴》嗎?
The film is based on the 2016 New York Times Magazine article "The Lawyer Who Became DuPont's Worst Nightmare," which describes Robert Bilott's case against the chemical manufacturing corporation DuPont after they contaminated a town with unregulated chemicals.
這部電影改編自紐約時報2016年的文章《成為杜邦最糟糕的噩夢的律師》,講述律師羅伯‧比洛特對抗化學製造廠「杜邦」的故事,該廠以未被規範的化學物質污染了一個小鎮。
Robert Bilott put his career, his family, everything on the line to win justice for tens of thousands if not millions of people. It is because of people like him, people who continue to speak out and take action against injustice, that our society continues to improve. Thank you, Mr. Bilott.
羅伯‧比洛特壓上一切,包括自己的事業、家庭,與為數達到萬人、甚至數百萬的民眾捍衛正義。正因有像他這樣的人持續為對抗不公不義發聲與採取行動,我們的社會才能不斷進步。謝謝你,比洛特先生。
Here’s a Times article that describes both the film and its portray of Mr. Bilott’s struggle to bring justice. I highly recommend the film.
以下是《Time 時代雜誌》的文章,介紹了這部電影並描繪了比洛特先生伸張正義所做的努力;我強烈推薦《黑水風暴》。
新聞報導: https://youtu.be/Tkkuil-U6qQ
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Rob Bilott, a corporate lawyer-turned-environmental crusader, doesn’t much care if he’s made enemies over the years. "I’ve been dealing with this for almost three decades," he says. "I can’t really worry about if the people on the other side like me or not."
•a corporate lawyer 企業律師
•environmental crusader 環境鬥士
•make enemies 樹敵、建立敵人
羅伯‧比洛特是位由企業律師轉變而成的環境鬥士,對自己多年來是否樹敵並不在意。「我已處理這問題近三十年了,」他說,「我根本不在意立場相對的人是否喜歡我」。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Bilott used to be on the other side. The Todd Haynes-directed movie Dark Waters, tells the story of how the lawyer switched allegiances. As happened in real life, the movie depicts Ruffalo’s Bilott as a lawyer who defends large chemical companies before he is approached for help in 1998 by Wilbur Tennant, a West Virginia farmer whose land was contaminated by chemical giant DuPont. Inflamed by that injustice, and the complicity of local authorities, the lawyer risks his career as he embarks on a decades-long legal siege of one of America’s most powerful corporations.
•switch allegiances 轉換陣營
•depict 描述
•complicity 共謀;串通;共犯
•DuPont 杜邦(世界排名第二大的美國化工公司)
比洛特曾站在企業那一邊。由陶德·海恩斯導演的《黑水風暴》講述這位律師如何轉換陣營:正如真實生活中發生的,該電影描述馬克·魯法洛所扮演的比洛特是一名任職大型化學企業的律師。1998年,一位土地被化學製造巨頭杜邦所污染的西維吉尼亞州農民威爾伯·坦納特,向他尋求幫助。不公義及地方當局的共謀激怒了這名律師;冒著斷送職涯的風險,他開始對美國最有權力的公司之一杜邦,進行長達數十年的法律圍攻。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
He works, at first, on Tennant’s behalf, then pursues a class action suit representing around 70,000 people living near a chemical plant that allegedly contaminated drinking water with PFOA, a toxic chemical used in the production of Teflon. In recent years, studies have correlated long-term exposure to PFOA with a number of illnesses, including some types of cancer.
•on behalf of sb/in behalf of sb; on sb's behalf/in sb's behalf 代表~;作為~的代表;代替~ ; 因為,為了~的利益
•a chemical plant 化學工廠
•allegedly 宣稱地;據傳地
•contaminate drinking water 污染飲用水
•perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 全氟辛酸銨
他一開始先代表威爾伯·坦納特進行訴訟,之後代表約七萬名居住在化學工廠附近的居民進行訴訟,據稱該工廠以全氟辛酸(PFOA)污染了飲用水。PFOA是一種用於製造鐵氟龍的有毒化學物質;近幾年有研究表明,長期暴露於PFOA與許多疾病相關,其中包括某些癌症。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
In 2017, Bilott won a $671 million settlement on behalf of more than 3,500 plaintiffs. Those people claimed they had contracted diseases, among them kidney cancer and testicular cancer, from chemicals DuPont allegedly knew may have been dangerous for decades, and allowed to contaminate their drinking water anyway.
•settlement 協議;和解(金);定居;支付
•plaintiff 原告
•contract a disease 患病、染病
•kidney cancer 腎臟癌
2017年,比洛特代表超過3500名原告贏得了6.71億美金的和解金。這些原告聲稱他們患病,其中包括腎臟癌與睪丸癌,是由於那些杜邦疑似早在數十年前就知道危險、卻仍然放任污染飲用水的化學物質。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
In Dark Waters, Haynes emphasizes the seemingly endless fight taken up by Bilott, as DuPont brings its considerable resources to bear to defend itself over the course of two decades. According to one analyst, the film’s potential to raise awareness about these issues could have a serious effect on some chemical companies’ bottom lines. But for the real Rob Bilott, the work of taking the industry to court is far from over. In October 2018, the lawyer filed a new lawsuit against several companies, including 3M, Arkema, and Chemours, a manufacturer spun off from DuPont in 2015. That ongoing case is seeking class action status, and was initially brought on behalf of Kevin Hardwick, a firefighting veteran of 40 years who used fire-suppression foams and firefighting equipment containing a class of chemicals known as PFAS, or polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFOA is one type of PFAS chemical).
•seemingly endless fight 看似永無止境的鬥爭
•considerable resources 為數可觀、相當多的資源
•raise awareness about… 激發對~的警覺
•far from over 遠遠不夠
•file a lawsuit 提起新訴訟
•seek class action status 尋求集體訴訟(派一方代表訴訟)地位
•polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) 全氟烷基物質(廣泛被用來作為表面塗料,不易分解、會產生污染)
在《黑水風暴》中,海恩斯強調那些比洛特所參與的看似是個永無止盡的鬥爭,因為杜邦二十多年來動用可觀的資源來為自身辯護。根據一位分析師,本電影可能激發大眾對此類議題的警覺,或是將對一些化學公司的利潤帶來嚴重影響。但對真正的羅伯‧比洛特而言,僅將杜邦送上法庭遠遠不夠。2018年10月,這位律師針對好幾家公司提起新訴訟,對象包括3M、阿科瑪與2015年從杜邦拆分出來的製造公司科慕。這起進行中的訴訟案正尋求集體訴訟地位,而該案件初始是為凱文.哈德沃克提起的,一位有40年經驗的消防員,他長期使用一種含全氟烷基物質(PFAS)或多氟烷基(polyfluoroalkyl)物質的滅火泡沫與消防器材。(註:PFOA是一種 PFAS化學物。)
★★★★★★★★★★★★
PFAS chemicals are used in products ranging from waterproof jackets to shaving cream, and they can leach into water supplies in areas where they are disposed of or used in fire suppression (in particular on military bases, where they have been used for years). According to Bilott’s complaint, studies currently suggest that PFAS is present in the blood of around 99% of Americans. The class of chemicals has broadly been linked to immune system disruption, while PFOA specifically has been found to be associated with cancers and other diseases. Bilott’s newest lawsuit, as with his prior cases, alleges that these companies knew for decades that PFAS chemicals, specifically PFOA, could be linked to serious health problems, and that they still assured the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other U.S. government regulators that PFAS exposures were harmless.
•range from…to… 從~到~
•leach into 過濾、滲入
•water supply 供水,給水
•be linked to 與~有關
•be associated with 與~相關
•assure 保證
•government regulators 政府監管、立法單位
•exposure (n.) 暴露
PFAS化學物質應用廣泛,從防水夾克到刮鬍泡,而他們可以滲入可能或被用於滅火的地區的供水之中(尤其在軍中,這種物質被使用多年)。據比洛特控訴,目前研究顯示,約99%的美國人血液中有PFAS存在。這種化學物質與免疫系統遭破壞有關,而PFOA則被發現跟癌症與其他疾病相關。比洛特最新的訴訟一如先前的案件,宣稱這些公司數十年來都知道PFAS化學物質,尤其是PFOA可能與重大健康問題相關,但他們仍舊向環保局與其他美國政府監管單位保證,說 PFAS的暴露是無害的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
"What we’re hearing once again from those companies that put those chemicals out there, knowing that they would get into the environment and into our blood, is that there’s insufficient evidence to show that they present risks to humans who are exposed," explains Bilott. "These companies are going to sit back and say, we’re entitled to…use you as guinea pigs, yet those of you who are exposed are somehow the ones who are going to have to prove what these 'chemicals' do to you."
•insufficient evidence 證據不足
•present risks 存在危險
•a guinea pig(通常用於測試藥效的)實驗對象,供做實驗的人 ; 豚鼠,天竺鼠
「我們又再次耳聞這些公司,明知那些化學製品會流入環境並進入我們的血液,卻仍將其暴露在環境裡,並宣稱沒有足夠證據證明暴露的化學物質將置人類於風險之中,」比洛特解釋道,「這些公司坐視不理並說,他們有權將人們當成實驗對象,而你們這些暴露在化學物質中的人,卻將證實那些化學物質會對造成什麼影響。」
★★★★★★★★★★★★
"If we can’t get where we need to go to protect people through our regulatory channels, through our legislative process, then unfortunately what we have left is our legal process," says Bilott. "If that’s what it takes to get people the information they need and to protect people, we’re willing to do it."
•regulatory channels 管制途徑
•legislative process 立法程序
「如果我們無法透過管制途徑、立法程序來保護人們,那麼不幸的是,我們只剩下法律程序,」比洛特表示,「如果這就是讓人們得到所需要的資訊、保護人們所要付出的努力,我們願意這樣做。」
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Robert Bilott is a true hero.
羅伯‧比洛特是真正的英雄。
文章來自於《Time 時代雜誌》 : https://time.com/5737451/dark-waters-true-story-rob-bilott/
圖片出處: Cincinnati Enquirer
★★★★★★★★★★★★
翻轉視界: http://bit.ly/3fPvKUs
disposed of 在 The Official Chris Leong Youtube 的精選貼文
A lot of recyclable items were not disposed in a proper way. NGOs are providing service to collect recyclable items. Master Chris donated clothes and furnitures to Shuangfu.org
CLM Tit Tar in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Damansara +6014-3333039
Mid Valley +6012-8990685
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disposed of 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的精選貼文
大和ミュージアム(呉市海事歴史科学館)は、明治以降の日本の近代化の歴史そのものである「呉の歴史」と、その近代化の礎となった造船、製鋼を始めとした各種の「科学技術」を、先人の努力や当時の生活・文化に触れながら紹介しています。館内には、10分の 1戦艦「大和」が展示され、大型資料展示室の零式艦上戦闘機や人間魚雷「回天」、特殊潜航艇「海龍」などは、すべて本物です。屋外には、戦艦「陸奥」の主砲身や潜水調査船「しんかい」などの実物も展示され、芝生広場や大和の大きさを再現した公園も整備され ています。
江田島基地(えたじまきち、JMSDF Etajima Naval Base)とは、広島県江田島市江田島町国有無番地に所在する、海上自衛隊の基地である。第1術科学校、幹部候補生学校の他、対岸にある呉基地に配備されているおおすみ型輸送艦のLCAC訓練施設・整備場、自衛隊貯油場などがある。また、海上自衛隊の特殊 部隊「特別警備隊(SBU)」もここに配備されている。
江田島基地の前身は、日本日本海軍の兵科士官養成機関である海軍兵学校である。海軍兵学校は、1888年に東京・築地から江田島に移り、戦前はイギリス海軍のダートマス兵学校、アメリカ海軍のアナポリス兵学校と並び、「世界3大兵学校」と呼ばれた[要出典 ]。海軍兵学校の施設のいくつかは現在も第1術科学校や幹部候補生学校で使用されてい る。
1936年に建築された鉄筋コンクリート造りの建物であり、東郷平八郎、ホレーショ・ ネルソン、ジョン・ポール・ジョーンズ、山本五十六の遺髪、海軍将校の書、特攻隊員の遺書など、1万点を超える資料が保存されている。敷地内には、真珠湾攻撃で使用された 特殊潜航艇、戦艦「大和」の主砲砲弾、戦艦「陸奥」の主砲が展示されている。
A Japanese museum (Kure City maritime affairs history science pavilion) is introducing various "Science and technology" including shipbuilding and the steel making that became the foundation of "History of Kure" that is the history of the modernization of Japan since the Meiji era and the modernization while touching life and a culture the predecessors' efforts and at that time. 1/10 battleship "Japan" is all exhibited in the pavilion, and 0 expression fighter on warship and special attack flotilla "Time heaven" of the large-scale material exhibition room and special purpose submarine "Sea dragon", etc. are real things. The thing such as "Shinkai the main armament body and the submersible research vehicle" of battleship "Mutsu" is exhibited in outdoor, and the park where the lawn plaza and the size of Japan were reproduced is maintained.
The Etajima base (gotten stripes Kichi and JMSDF Etajima Naval Base) is bases of whereabouts and the Maritime Self-Defense Force in a Hiroshima Prefecture Etajima City Etajima government-owned-cho no house number. There are LCAC training facilities, a maintenance place, and Self Defense Forces Abraba etc. of the ending type transportation warship disposed to Kure bases in the first Technical School, another, and Maritime Officer Candidate School the opposite bank. Moreover, special force "Special Boarding Unit (SBU)" of the Maritime Self-Defense Force is disposed here.
The antecedent in the Etajima base is a naval academy that is the organization of the training of the officer of the arm of the Japan Sea of Japan army. The naval academy moves from Tokyo and the reclaimed land to Etajima in 1888, and the source necessary before the war of the row with the Annapolis strategy school of a Dartmouth strategy school and American naval forces of British naval forces, and calling "Three large strategy in the world school". Some of facilities at the naval academy are being used in the first Technical School and Maritime Officer Candidate School now.
It is a building of the ferroconcrete making constructed in 1936, and material that exceeds 10,000 points like Togo Heihachiro, Horasho Nelson, John Paul Jones, the hair of the deceased of Yamamoto 56, naval officer's book, and kamikaze pilot's testament, etc. is preserved. The main armament of main armament cannonball and battleship "Mutsu" of special purpose submarine and battleship "Japan" used by the Pearl Harbor attack has been exhibited on the premises.
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disposed of 在 一二三渡辺 Youtube 的最佳解答
大和ミュージアム(呉市海事歴史科学館)
https://youtu.be/uG8jTAP6YDU
A Japanese museum (Kure City maritime affairs history science pavilion) is introducing various "Science and technology" including shipbuilding and the steel making that became the foundation of "History of Kure" that is the history of the modernization of Japan since the Meiji era and the modernization while touching life and a culture the predecessors' efforts and at that time. 1/10 battleship "Japan" is all exhibited in the pavilion, and 0 expression fighter on warship and special attack flotilla "Time heaven" of the large-scale material exhibition room and special purpose submarine "Sea dragon", etc. are real things. The thing such as "Shinkai the main armament body and the submersible research vehicle" of battleship "Mutsu" is exhibited in outdoor, and the park where the lawn plaza and the size of Japan were reproduced is maintained.
The Etajima base (gotten stripes Kichi and JMSDF Etajima Naval Base) is bases of whereabouts and the Maritime Self-Defense Force in a Hiroshima Prefecture Etajima City Etajima government-owned-cho no house number. There are LCAC training facilities, a maintenance place, and Self Defense Forces Abraba etc. of the ending type transportation warship disposed to Kure bases in the first Technical School, another, and Maritime Officer Candidate School the opposite bank. Moreover, special force "Special Boarding Unit (SBU)" of the Maritime Self-Defense Force is disposed here.
The antecedent in the Etajima base is a naval academy that is the organization of the training of the officer of the arm of the Japan Sea of Japan army. The naval academy moves from Tokyo and the reclaimed land to Etajima in 1888, and the source necessary before the war of the row with the Annapolis strategy school of a Dartmouth strategy school and American naval forces of British naval forces, and calling "Three large strategy in the world school". Some of facilities at the naval academy are being used in the first Technical School and Maritime Officer Candidate School now.
It is a building of the ferroconcrete making constructed in 1936, and material that exceeds 10,000 points like Togo Heihachiro, Horasho Nelson, John Paul Jones, the hair of the deceased of Yamamoto 56, naval officer's book, and kamikaze pilot's testament, etc. is preserved. The main armament of main armament cannonball and battleship "Mutsu" of special purpose submarine and battleship "Japan" used by the Pearl Harbor attack has been exhibited on the premises.
大和ミュージアム(呉市海事歴史科学館)は、明治以降の日本の近代化の歴史そのものである「呉の歴史」と、その近代化の礎となった造船、製鋼を始めとした各種の「科学技術」を、先人の努力や当時の生活・文化に触れながら紹介しています。館内には、10分の1戦艦「大和」が展示され、大型資料展示室の零式艦上戦闘機や人間魚雷「回天」、特殊潜航艇「海龍」などは、すべて本物です。屋外には、戦艦「陸奥」の主砲身や潜水調査船「しんかい」などの実物も展示され、芝生広場や大和の大きさを再現した公園も整備されています。
江田島基地(えたじまきち、JMSDF Etajima Naval Base)とは、広島県江田島市江田島町国有無番地に所在する、海上自衛隊の基地である。第1術科学校、幹部候補生学校の他、対岸にある呉基地に配備されているおおすみ型輸送艦のLCAC訓練施設・整備場、自衛隊貯油場などがある。また、海上自衛隊の特殊部隊「特別警備隊(SBU)」もここに配備されている。
江田島基地の前身は、日本日本海軍の兵科士官養成機関である海軍兵学校である。海軍兵学校は、1888年に東京・築地から江田島に移り、戦前はイギリス海軍のダートマス兵学校、アメリカ海軍のアナポリス兵学校と並び、「世界3大兵学校」と呼ばれた[要出典]。海軍兵学校の施設のいくつかは現在も第1術科学校や幹部候補生学校で使用されている。
1936年に建築された鉄筋コンクリート造りの建物であり、東郷平八郎、ホレーショ・ネルソン、ジョン・ポール・ジョーンズ、山本五十六の遺髪、海軍将校の書、特攻隊員の遺書など、1万点を超える資料が保存されている。敷地内には、真珠湾攻撃で使用された特殊潜航艇、戦艦「大和」 の主砲砲弾、戦艦「陸奥」の主砲が展示されている。
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