This year's April 30 marks the 45th Anniversary of the end of the Vietnam War. As the South Vietnamese regime fell, large crowds gathered at the Saigon Pier to secure a spot in one of the ships leaving the country. MS Truong Xuan is one such ship.
Truong Xuan encountered engine failures shortly after setting sail. After struggling its way to the international waters, the ship was in even greater danger as water level began to rise due to pump failure. Danish freighter Clara Maersk caught the SOS signals and came to rescue the 3600+ passengers onboard. The refugees had to follow the course of the ship to the next port of call -\-\-\-\Hong Kong. Passengers who needed immediate medical attention were picked up by a Royal British Air Force helicopter.
Mr. Howard Jones, who shared this photo taken on May 4, 1975, took part in the operation and rescued an injured old lady. Shown in this photo near the reflection of the helicopter was his colleague holding a 2-day old baby in his arms, having just departed from the deck. Mr. Jones added that, after the rescue, the squadron designed a canvas cradle for holding babies safely.
What a special baby!
Mr. Jones expressed his wish to reconnect with the soon to be 45 year old. Can anyone help?
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Trump Shows Interest in Buying Greenland
US President Donald Trump earlier confirmed he was keen ( ) to buy Greenland, an autonomous ( ) Danish territory rich in natural resources and of increasing geopolitical relevance as the Arctic ice sheet ( ) melts.
Trump’s bid ( ) for Greenland was not a first for the US. In 1867, the State Department expressed interest in the island, and in 1946 former US president Harry Truman offered US$100 million in gold, or parts of Alaska, in exchange for Greenland.
But last week Denmark, a NATO ally ( ), swiftly retorted ( ) that the island, located between the North Atlantic and Arctic oceans, is not for sale, prompting ( ) Trump to cancel a planned state visit.
The name “Greenland” is misleading as the 2 million square km island, the world’s largest island that is not a continent ( ), has three quarters bordering ( ) the Arctic Ocean and is 85 percent covered in ice. Greenland was a Danish colony ( ) until 1953, when it became part of the Danish realm ( ). In 1979, it gained “autonomous territory” status. Today, the island’s economy depends heavily on subsidies ( ) from Copenhagen.
Greenland has been essential to US defense since World War II, when it was a base for monitoring ( ) Nazi ships and submarines passing through the Arctic on their way to the north Atlantic. In 1943, the US Air Force built its farthest-north air base at Thule, crucial during the Cold War as a first line of monitoring against a potential Russian attack.
As the polar ice sheet melts, opening up potentially major shipping routes, other global powers have moved in.
Russia has become more active, and, while it has no geographical claim to the region, China has also begun to show interest in the region. China’s massive commercial shipping industry would benefit from the new polar routes.
This massive territory is also on the front line of melting Arctic ice in a region that is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet.
According to the World Meteorological Organization, Greenland’s ocean levels are rising by about 3.3mm per year.
If Greenland’s ice sheet were to disappear completely, it would raise ( ) the ocean level by 7m.
Nonetheless, Greenland’s melting ice has a silver lining ( ). Greenland’s subsoil ( ) is rich in gold, rubies and uranium, as well as iron, aluminium, nickel, platinum, tungsten, titanium, and copper, which could attract foreign investment.
Although Trump failed to buy Greenland, the US government is opening a consulate ( ) in Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, next year; the last time the US had a consulate in Greenland was from 1940 to 1953.
相中豐富天然資源 川普打算買格陵蘭
美國總統唐納.川普明白表示他亟欲買下格陵蘭。該島為丹麥的自治區,自然資源豐富;隨著北極冰蓋逐漸融化,格陵蘭在地緣政治上也愈顯重要。
川普此次開口,並非美國第一次想買下格陵蘭。一八六七年,美國國務院便表達了對該島的興趣;一九四六年,美國前總統哈利.杜魯門為取得格陵蘭島,出價等值一億美元的黃金,也提出以阿拉斯加的部分地區為交換。
但在上週,美國在北大西洋公約組織的盟國丹麥旋即反駁川普說,格陵蘭這座位於北大西洋和北極海之間的島嶼是非賣品,這讓川普憤而取消原訂訪問丹麥的計畫。
「Greenland」(「格陵蘭」,字面意義為「綠色的土地」)這個名稱很容易讓人誤解,因為它是個面積有兩百萬平方公里的島嶼,也是世界上最大的非大陸島嶼,有四分之三的海岸線臨北極海、百分之八十五的面積覆蓋著冰。格陵蘭在一九五三年之前是丹麥的殖民地,之後才成為丹麥領土。一九七九年,格陵蘭取得「自治區」的地位。現今,該島的經濟極度仰賴哥本哈根的補助。
自第二次世界大戰以來,格陵蘭一直是美國國防不可或缺的一環。它是二戰時期美國在北極的基地,以監視納粹借道北極、駛向北大西洋的船隻和潛艇。一九四三年,美國在格陵蘭的圖勒建立了美國空軍最北的基地,在第一線監測俄羅斯可能發動的攻擊,這在冷戰時期至關重要。
隨著極地冰蓋融化,有潛力成為主要航運路線的水路也開闢出來,全球其他強權紛紛湧入。
俄羅斯變得更加積極,新崛起的中國也開始對北極地區表示興趣,雖然中國對該地區並無主張領土。新的北極航線將會讓中國龐大的航運業受益。
北極的暖化速度是地球其他地方的兩倍,冰凍的北極正逐漸融化。而格陵蘭這片巨大的土地,正位於北極的最前線。
世界氣象組織的報告指出,格陵蘭的海平面每年持續上升約三點三公釐。
如果格陵蘭的冰蓋完全融化,將會使海平面升高七公尺。
儘管如此,格陵蘭冰層的融化還是有那麼一點好處。格陵蘭的底土富含金、紅寶石和鈾,以及鐵、鋁、鎳、鉑、鎢、鈦和銅,這些都可以吸引外國投資。
雖然川普購買格陵蘭未果,但美國政府計畫明年在格陵蘭首府努克設立領事館;上次美國在格陵蘭設有領事館,是在一九四○年至一九五三年之間。
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danish air force 在 堅離地城:沈旭暉國際生活台 Simon's Glos World Facebook 的最佳解答
🇩🇰 這是一篇深度報導,來自歐洲現存最古老的報紙:丹麥Weekendavisen,題目是從香港抗爭運動、香港聯繫加泰羅尼亞的集會,前瞻全球大城市的「永久革命」。一篇報導訪問了世界各地大量學者,我也在其中,雖然只是每人一句,加在一起,卻有了很完整的圖像。
以下為英譯:
Protest! The demonstrations in Hong Kong were just the beginning. Now there are unrest in big cities from Baghdad to Barcelona. Perhaps the stage is set for something that could look like a permanent revolution in the world's big cities.
A world on the barricades
At the end of October, an hour after dark, a group of young protesters gathered at the Chater Garden Park in Hong Kong. Some of them wore large red and yellow flags. The talk began and the applause filled the warm evening air. There were slogans of independence, and demands of self-determination - from Spain. For the protest was in sympathy with the Catalan independence movement.
At the same time, a group of Catalan protesters staged a protest in front of the Chinese Consulate in Barcelona in favor of Hong Kong's hope for more democracy. The message was not to be mistaken: We are in the same boat. Or, as Joshua Wong, one of the leading members of the Hong Kong protest movement, told the Catalan news agency: "The people of Hong Kong and Catalonia both deserve the right to decide their own destiny."
For much of 2019, Hong Kong's streets have been ravaged by fierce protests and a growing desperation on both sides, with escalating violence and vandalism ensuing. But what, do observers ask, if Hong Kong is not just a Chinese crisis, but a warning of anger that is about to break out globally?
Each week brings new turmoil from an unexpected edge. In recent days, attention has focused on Chile. Here, more than 20 people have lost their lives in unrest, which has mainly been about unequal distribution of economic goods. Before then, the unrest has hit places as diverse as Lebanon and the Czech Republic, Bolivia and Algeria, Russia and Sudan.
With such a geographical spread, it is difficult to bring the protests to any sort of common denominator, but they all reflect a form of powerlessness so acute that traditional ways of speaking do not seem adequate.
Hardy Merriman, head of research at the International Center for Nonviolent Conflict in Washington, is not in doubt that it is a real wave of protest and that we have not seen the ending yet.
"I have been researching non-violent resistance for 17 years, and to me it is obvious that there are far more popular protest movements now than before. Often the protests have roots in the way political systems work. Elsewhere, it is about welfare and economic inequality or both. The two sets of factors are often related, ”he says.
Economic powerlessness
Hong Kong is a good example of this. The desire among the majority of Hong Kong's seven million residents to maintain an independent political identity vis-à-vis the People's Republic of China is well known, but the resentment of the streets is also fueled by a sense of economic powerlessness. Hong Kong is one of the most unequal communities in the world, and especially the uneven access to the real estate market is causing a stir.
According to Lee Chun-wing, a sociologist at Hong Kong Polytechnic University, the turmoil in the city is not just facing Beijing, but also expressing a daunting showdown with the neoliberal economy, which should diminish the state's role and give the market more influence, but in its real form often ends with the brutal arbitrariness of jungle law.
'The many protests show that neoliberalism is unable to instill hope in many. And as one of the world's most neoliberal cities, Hong Kong is no exception. While the protests here are, of course, primarily political, there is no doubt that social polarization and economic inequality make many young people not afraid to participate in more radical protests and do not care whether they are accused of damage economic growth, 'he says.
The turmoil is now so extensive that it can no longer be dismissed as a coincidence. Something special and significant is happening. As UN Secretary General António Guterres put it last week, it would be wrong to stare blindly at the superficial differences between the factors that get people on the streets.
“There are also common features that are recurring across the continents and should force us to reflect and respond. It is clear that there is growing distrust between the people and the political elites and growing threats to the social contract. The world is struggling with the negative consequences of globalization and the new technologies that have led to growing inequality in individual societies, "he told reporters in New York.
Triggered by trifles
In many cases, the riots have been triggered by questions that may appear almost trivial on the surface. In Chile, there was an increase in the price of the capital's subway equivalent to 30 Danish cents, while in Lebanon there were reports of a tax on certain services on the Internet. In both places, it was just the reason why the people have been able to express a far more fundamental dissatisfaction.
In a broad sense, there are two situations where a population is rebelling, says Paul Almeida, who teaches sociology at the University of California, Merced. The first is when more opportunities suddenly open up and conditions get better. People are getting hungry for more and trying to pressure their politicians to give even more concessions.
“But then there is also the mobilization that takes place when people get worse. That seems to be the overall theme of the current protests, even in Hong Kong. People are concerned about various kinds of threats they face. It may be the threat of inferior economic conditions, or it may be a more political threat of erosion of rights. But the question is why it is happening right now. That's the 10,000-kroner issue, ”says Almeida.
Almeida, who has just published the book Social Movements: The Structure of Social Mobilization, even gives a possible answer. A growing authoritarian, anti-democratic flow has spread across the continents and united rulers in all countries, and among others it is the one that has now triggered a reaction in the peoples.
“There is a tendency for more use of force by the state power. If we look at the death toll in Latin America, they are high considering that the countries are democracies. This kind of violence is not usually expected in democratic regimes in connection with protests. It is an interesting trend and may be related to the authoritarian flow that is underway worldwide. It's worth watching, 'he says.
The authoritarian wave
Politologists Anna Lürhmann and Staffan Lindberg from the University of Gothenburg describe in a paper published earlier this year a "third autocratic wave." Unlike previous waves, for example, in the years before World War II, when democracy was beaten under great external drama , the new wave is characterized by creeping. It happens little by little - in countries like Turkey, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Hungary and Russia - at such a slow pace that you barely notice it.
Even old-fashioned autocrats nowadays understand the language of democracy - the only acceptable lingua franca in politics - and so the popular reaction does not happen very often when it becomes clear at once that the electoral process itself is not sufficient to secure democratic conditions. Against this backdrop, Kenneth Chan, a politician at Hong Kong Baptist University, sees the recent worldwide wave of unrest as an expression of the legitimacy crisis of the democratic regimes.
“People have become more likely to take the initiative and take part in direct actions because they feel that they have not made the changes they had hoped for through the elections. In fact, the leaders elected by the peoples are perceived as undermining the institutional guarantees of citizens' security, freedom, welfare and rights. As a result, over the past decade, we have seen more democracies reduced to semi-democracies, hybrid regimes and authoritarian regimes, ”he says.
"Therefore, we should also not be surprised by the new wave of resistance from the people. On the surface, the spark may be a relatively innocent or inconsiderate decision by the leadership, but people's anger quickly turns to what they see as the cause of the democratic deroute, that is, an arrogant and selfish leadership, a weakened democratic control, a dysfunctional civil society. who are no longer able to speak on behalf of the people. ”The world is changing. Anthony Ince, a cardiff at Cardiff University who has researched urban urban unrest, sees the uprisings as the culmination of long-term nagging discontent and an almost revolutionary situation where new can arise.
"The wider context is that the dominant world order - the global neoliberalism that has dominated since the 1980s - is under pressure from a number of sides, creating both uncertainty and at the same time the possibility of change. People may feel that we are in a period of uncertainty, confusion, anxiety, but perhaps also hope, ”he says.
Learning from each other.
Apart from mutual assurances of solidarity the protest movements in between, there does not appear to be any kind of coordination. But it may not be necessary either. In a time of social media, learning from each other's practices is easy, says Simon Shen, a University of Hong Kong political scientist.
“They learn from each other at the tactical level. Protesters in Hong Kong have seen what happened in Ukraine through YouTube, and now protesters in Catalonia and Lebanon are taking lessons from Hong Kong. It's reminiscent of 1968, when baby boomers around the globe were inspired by an alternative ideology to break down rigid hierarchies, 'he says.
But just as the protest movements can learn from each other, the same goes for their opponents. According to Harvard political scientist Erica Chenoweth, Russia has been particularly active in trying to establish cooperation with other authoritarian regimes, which feel threatened by riots in the style of the "color revolutions" on the periphery of the old Soviet empire at the turn of the century.
"It has resulted in joint efforts between Russian, Chinese, Iranian, Venezuelan, Belarusian, Syrian and other national authorities to develop, systematize and report on techniques and practices that have proved useful in trying to contain such threats," writes Chenoweth in an article in the journal Global Responsibility to Protect.
Max Fisher and Amanda Taub, commentators at the New York Times, point to the social media as a double-edged sword. Not only are Twitter and Facebook powerful weapons in the hands of tech-savvy autocrats. They are also of questionable value to the protesting grass roots. With WhatsApp and other new technologies, it is possible to mobilize large numbers of interested and almost-interested participants in collective action. But they quickly fall apart again.
The volatile affiliation is one of the reasons why, according to a recent survey, politically motivated protests today only succeed in reaching their targets in 30 percent of cases. A generation ago, the success rate was 70 percent. Therefore, unrest often recurs every few years, and they last longer, as Hong Kong is an example of. Perhaps the scene is set for something that might resemble a permanent revolution in the world's big cities - a kind of background noise that other residents will eventually just get used to.
"Since there is still no obvious alternative to neoliberalism, the polarization that led to the protests initially will probably continue to apply," says Lee of Hong Kong Polytechnic University. "At the same time, this means that the anger and frustration will continue to rumble in society."
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